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Cardiopulmonary bypass is known to trigger a global inflammatory response. Age-dependent differences in the inflammatory response, the increased susceptibility to injury of immature organ systems, and the larger extracorporeal circuit to patient size ratio results in greater susceptibility of younger and smaller patients to the damaging effects of cardiopulmonary bypass. In this review the components of the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass are reviewed with special reference to the pediatric age group, including the age-specific impact on organ systems. In addition the current and evolving strategies to prevent, limit, and treat the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children are examined.
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Biochim. Biophys. Acta · Aug 2016
Glycomic analysis of gastric carcinoma cells discloses glycans as modulators of RON receptor tyrosine kinase activation in cancer.
Terminal α2-3 and α2-6 sialylation of glycans precludes further chain elongation, leading to the biosynthesis of cancer relevant epitopes such as sialyl-Lewis X (SLe(X)). SLe(X) overexpression is associated with tumor aggressive phenotype and patients' poor prognosis. ⋯ This study provides novel targets and points to an integrative tumor glycomic/proteomic-profiling for gastric cancer patients' stratification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. · Jan 2021
ReviewT cell immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following natural infection and vaccination.
SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in the human population in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, and in a matter of months, spread across the globe resulting in the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic and substantial economic fallout. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted between humans via respiratory particles, with infection presenting a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic to respiratory failure with multiorgan dysfunction and death in severe cases. Prior experiences with human pathogenic coronaviruses and respiratory virus diseases in general have revealed an important role for cellular immunity in limiting disease severity. Here, we review some of the key mechanisms underlying cell-mediated immunity to respiratory viruses and summarize our current understanding of the functional capacity and role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells following natural infection and vaccination.