Trending Articles
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Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol · Aug 2008
Outcome measures in perinatal medicine - pH or BE. The thresholds of these parameters in term infants.
Hypoxia and severe foetal acidosis may lead to cerebral injuries and multi-organ failure. Base excess (BE) and actual pH determined in umbilical artery (UA) blood are valid parameters to measure (metabolic) acidosis. Until now there is no consensus worldwide as to which of the two parameters should preferably be used and which thresholds should be applied: the thresholds 7.000, 7.100 and 7.200 are discussed for pH,UA and - 16.0 mmol/l for BE,UA, respectively. The aim of this study was to redefine these thresholds for term infants taking into account the entire spectrum of complications in early neonatal life and to compare the diagnostic power of both variables under investigation. ⋯ Thresholds in UA blood for pH, pCO2, sO2 and BE(oxy.) in term-infants are: 7.000, 84 mmHg, 3.0 % and - 20 mmol/l, respectively. Delivery of an otherwise healthy baby without getting in touch with these thresholds seems to be safe both for the baby and the obstetrician. In addition, severe neonatal depression (Apgar 1 min: 0 and 1) is usually avoided (0 / 398). BE(oxy.) does not offer a higher diagnostic power when compared with actual pH.
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Chinese medical journal · Apr 2020
ReviewGut microbiota: closely tied to the regulation of circadian clock in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a worldwide epidemic disease, has caused tremendous economic and social burden, but the pathogenesis remains uncertain. Nowadays, the impact of unrhythmic circadian clock caused by irregular sleep and unhealthy diet on T2DM has be increasingly studied. ⋯ It is now becoming clear that the gut microbiota and the circadian clock interact with each other to regulate the host metabolism. Considering all these above, we reviewed the literature related to the gut microbiota, circadian clock, and T2DM to elucidate the idea that the gut microbiota is closely tied to the regulation of the circadian clock in the development of T2DM, which provides potential for gut microbiota-directed therapies to ameliorate the effects of circadian disruptions linked to the occurrence and development of T2DM.
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Although the causal pathomechanisms contributing to remodelling of the pulmonary vascular bed in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are still unclear, several analogous features with carcinogenesis have led to the emergence of the cancer-like concept. The major similarities concern the altered crosstalk between cells from different tissue types, unexplained proliferation and survival of pulmonary smooth muscle and endothelial cells, the metabolic (glycolytic) shifts, and the association with the immune system. ⋯ It is clear that PAH is not a cancer, but this cancer-like concept has opened a new field of investigation and raises the possibility that antiproliferative and/or oncological drugs may exert therapeutic effects not only in cancer, but also in PAH. Such analogies and differences are discussed here.
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Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. · Jul 2010
Analysis of the secondary structure of ITS transcripts in peritrich ciliates (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea): implications for structural evolution and phylogenetic reconstruction.
Despite extensive previous morphological work, little agreement has been reached about phylogenetic relationships among peritrich ciliates, making it difficult to study the evolution of the group in a phylogenetic framework. In this study, the nucleotide characteristics and secondary structures of internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of 26 peritrich ciliates in 12 genera were analyzed. Information from secondary structures of ITS1 and ITS2 then was used to perform the first systematic study of ITS regions in peritrich ciliates, including one species of Rhabdostyla for which no sequence has been reported previously. ⋯ Trees had a consistent branching pattern that included the following features: (1) Rhabdostyla always clustered with members of the family Vorticellidae, instead of members of the family Epistylididae, in which it is now classified on the basis of morphology. (2) The systematically questionable genus Ophrydium closely associated with Carchesium, forming a clearly defined, monophyletic group within the Vorticellidae. This supported the hypothesis derived from previous study based on small subunit rRNA gene sequences that Ophrydium and its few relatives are morphologically anomalous vorticellids, not sufficiently distinct to be given familial status and should be placed within a more broadly defined family Vorticellidae. This study validated for the first time a secondary structure of ITS1 and ITS2 from peritrich ciliates and demonstrated its potential in helping to resolve deep phylogenetic relationships.