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Medical educators at undergraduate, postgraduate and continuing medical education levels acknowledge that communication is a fundamental medical skill. Responding to patient, professional and governmental advocates, as well as to advances in research on patient-physician communication and its teaching, some medical educators are in the process of starting new communication curricula, while others are working at expanding, integrating and further developing already well-established programs. For most people working in this area, the question is no longer whether to teach and assess communication skills and attitudes but, rather, how to do so most efficiently and effectively. ⋯ We then summarize critical components common to many established communication curricula and identify a series of specific strategies for teaching communication skills. We include a chart that describes a sample of the wide variety of resources available to assist in the development and teaching of communication curricula in medicine. Finally, we consider gaps in current communication curricula and suggest the next steps and ideas for moving forwards.
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To report the burden and cost of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatments in Australia and to project estimates of numbers and costs to 2015. ⋯ NMSC treatments increased by 86% between 1997 and 2010. We anticipate that the number and the total cost without inflation of NMSC treatments will increase by a further 22% between 2010 and 2015. NMSC will remain the most costly cancer and place an increasing burden on the Australian health care system.
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Review Meta Analysis
Duration of analgesic effectiveness after the posterior and lateral transversus abdominis plane block techniques for transverse lower abdominal incisions: a meta-analysis.
Posterior transversus abdominis plane block continues to reduce pain scores and opioid consumption at up to 48 hours, though with lesser magnitude.
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