Nutrition
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Low muscle mass was significantly correlated with poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. This study aimed to compare the differences between bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and computed tomography (CT) in measuring skeletal muscle mass and detecting low muscle mass in patients with gastric cancer (GC). ⋯ Despite a significant correlation, the values of skeletal muscle mass obtained BIA and CT cannot be used interchangeably. The BIA method may overestimate skeletal muscle mass in GC patients compared to CT, especially among those with GLIM malnutrition, leading to an underestimation of low muscle mass prevalence.
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The lipid fraction, fatty acid profile, and diameter of fat globules of infant formulas show great differences from human milk. These characteristics influence fat digestion and, consequently, the development and health of infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diameter of fat globules in infant formulas and compare them with those in human milk. ⋯ The analysis of principal components showed that none of the analyzed infant formulas had similarity with the diameter of fat globules and the fatty acid profile of human milk.
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Dietary habits significantly affect health conditions and are closely related to the onset and progression of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Consequently, a well-balanced diet plays an important role in lessening the effects of various disorders, including NCDs. Several artificial intelligence recommendation systems have been developed to propose healthy and nutritious diets. Most of these systems use expert knowledge and guidelines to provide tailored diets and encourage healthier eating habits. However, new advances in large language models such as ChatGPT, with their ability to produce human-like responses, have led individuals to search for advice in several tasks, including diet recommendations. This study aimed to determine the ability of ChatGPT models to generate appropriate personalized meal plans for patients with obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Additional supervision and guidance by nutrition experts or knowledge-based systems are required to ensure meal appropriateness for users with NCDs.
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The composition and balance of macronutrient intake play key roles in promoting a longer lifespan. In this study, we aimed to investigate the secular trends in carbohydrate, fat, and protein intakes in South Koreans from 2010 to 2020. ⋯ In the past 10 y, the dietary patterns in Korea have shifted toward the consumption of high-fat and high-protein diets with reduced carbohydrate intake.
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To assess the relationship of diet with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in vulnerable children and adolescents. ⋯ Healthy diets and dietary patterns were positively associated with the HRQoL of vulnerable children and adolescents, which may offer opportunities for prevention.