Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Dec 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialStrengthening behavioral interventions for weight loss: a randomized trial of food provision and monetary incentives.
Behavioral treatments for obesity seek to modify eating and exercise behaviors by a change in their antecedents and consequences. More direct modification of antecedents and consequences by (a) the provision of food to patients and (b) the provision of financial rewards for weight loss was hypothesized to improve treatment outcomes. Two hundred two men and women were randomly assigned to no treatment, standard behavioral treatment (SBT), SBT plus food provision, SBT plus incentives, or SBT plus food provision and incentives. ⋯ Weight losses with SBT averaged 7.7, 4.5, and 4.1 kg at 6, 12, and 18 months, respectively, compared with 10.1, 9.1, and 6.4 kg, respectively, at the same intervals with the addition of food. Food provision also enhanced attendance, completion of food records, quality of diet, and nutrition knowledge. We conclude that the provision of food to weight-loss patients is a promising methodology that deserves further exploration.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Dec 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA stress inoculation program for parents whose children are undergoing painful medical procedures.
The efficacy of a stress inoculation intervention program was compared with that of a child focused intervention program in helping parents cope with their children's painful medical procedures. Ss included 72 parents (79% mothers) of pediatric leukemia patients (aged 3-12 years) who were undergoing either bone marrow aspirations (n = 28) or lumbar punctures (n = 44). ⋯ Assessment of parents included an observation measure of parent behavior, self-reported measures of anxiety and coping, and physiological measures. Results indicate that parents in the stress inoculation program reported lower anxiety scores and higher positive self-statement scores than did parents in the child-focused intervention.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Oct 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffectiveness of behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain: a component analysis.
The effects of outpatient group behavioral therapy including aerobic exercise (BE), behavioral therapy only (B), and aerobic exercise only (E) on pain and physical and psychosocial disability were evaluated and compared in a group of mildly disabled chronic low-back-pain patients. Ninety-six Ss were randomly assigned to the 3 treatments and a waiting-list control (WL) condition and assessed on a variety of patient self-report, spouse-rated, and direct observational measures at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. Patients in the BE condition, but not the B or E conditions, improved significantly more pretreatment to posttreatment than did WL patients on the patient self-report and observer-rated measures. At both follow-ups, all 3 treatment groups remained significantly improved from pretreatment, with no significant differences among treatments.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Jun 1989
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialActive coping reduces reports of pain from childbirth.
Two studies were conducted in which pain and negative moods during labor were examined in relation to two key, independent variables: instructions to monitor labor contractions given to parturients on admission to the labor service and attendance at LaMaze (childbirth preparation) classes. In Study 1 (N = 48) pain and negative moods showed a sharp decline at Stage 2 (active labor) for women told to monitor and those who had attended classes; there was no decline for the control group. ⋯ Of the three different mechanisms used to derive hypotheses, schema-directed coping provided the best account for the decline in pain and distress during active labor. A second mechanism, accurate expectations, seemed to account for the enhanced energy at the point of admission, in anticipation of birth.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Apr 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of operant behavioral and cognitive-behavioral group treatment for chronic low back pain.