Journal of consulting and clinical psychology
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Dec 1995
Frequency and correlates of posttraumatic-stress-disorder-like symptoms after treatment for breast cancer.
Diagnosis of life-threatening illness now meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for traumatic stressor exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Quality of life (QOL) and PTSD-like symptoms were assessed in 55 women posttreatment for breast cancer. PTSD symptom measures included the PTSD Checklist--Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Impact of Events Scale. ⋯ Time since treatment, type of cytotoxic treatment, and stage of disease were unrelated to PTSD symptoms. With suggested criteria for the PCL-C, 5% to 10% of the sample would likely meet DSM-IV PTSD criteria. Findings suggest that in survivors of breast cancer, these symptoms might be fairly common, may exceed the base rate of these symptoms in the general population, are associated with reports of poorer QOL, and, therefore, warrant further research and clinical attention.
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The efficacy of supervision in training of psychotherapists is discussed in relation to (a) trainees' attitudes, beliefs, and skills, (b) trainee's performance in the therapist role, (c) interactional process events in supervision and psychotherapy, and, (d) client change. Although investigations to date suggest the potential of supervision for teaching advanced skills of psychotherapy, few studies exist that examine directly the relation of therapist performance and client change to supervision. There are virtually no studies that compare the efficacy of supervision to other training methods. If supervision is to remain an integral part of training, then standardized training manuals, analogous to those in psychotherapy, need to be developed.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Jun 1994
Physical aggression in early marriage: prerelationship and relationship effects.
Spousal physical aggression at 30 months after marriage was predicted for 393 young couples who were interviewed for a longitudinal study. The prerelationship predictor variables were history of violence in the family of origin, aggression against others during childhood and adolescence, and personality characteristics. ⋯ For both sexes, there were direct paths to marital violence that were not mediated by characteristics of the relationship, as well as paths that originated in or flowed through indicators of the marital relationship. Implications for intervention through marital therapy, individual therapy, or both are discussed.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Jun 1994
Comparative StudyMethods for the analysis of binary outcome results in the presence of missing data.
An important, frequent, and unresolved problem in treatment research is deciding how to analyze outcome data when some of the data are missing. After a brief review of alternative procedures and the underlying models on which they are based, an approach is presented for dealing with the most common situation--comparing the outcome results in a 2-group, randomized design in the presence of missing data. ⋯ This method allows the researcher to define the range of all possible results that could have resulted had the missing data been observed. Extensions to more complex designs are discussed.
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J Consult Clin Psychol · Apr 1994
Acute and chronic low back pain: cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions.
Despite strong suppositions concerning differences between patients suffering acute and chronic low back pain, relatively few data-based comparisons have been made. In this study, affective, cognitive, behavioral, and demographic contrasts were conducted. ⋯ A relatively stereotyped, spontaneous facial expression of pain was observed in all groups when responding to painful movements during a physical examination. The similarities between acute and chronic incongruent patients have implications for the assessment and treatment of low back pain.