Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Smokers have higher incidences of pulmonary diseases. This increased susceptibility may result from cigarette smoke (CS)-induced impairment of the pulmonary immune system. However, the mechanism(s) is not fully understood. ⋯ These results suggest that the inhibition by CS-exposed AM of LPS-induced B lymphocyte proliferation may be caused by the increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation of CS. Therefore, these immunological inhibitions by CS could be associated with increased risk of pulmonary diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Preserving oxygenation during walking in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: noninvasive ventilation versus oxygen therapy.
Physical activity is known to cause significant deoxygenation in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) has been shown to improve oxygenation and physical activity in these patients, no practical approach for the application of NPPV during walking has yet been established. ⋯ NPPV plus supplemental oxygen, but not oxygen alone, preserves oxygenation during walking in patients with severe COPD. However, dyspnea and walking distance were not improved due to the burden of carrying the heavy ventilatory equipment in a backpack.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Home-based exercise training as maintenance after outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is successful in improving exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, training effects diminish over time. ⋯ We demonstrated that training effects obtained from an outpatient rehabilitation program can be maintained by home-based exercise training in patients with moderate COPD.
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Clinical Trial
Accuracy of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurements during cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Measurements of transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO(2)) with current devices are proven to provide clinically acceptable agreement with measurements of partial arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO(2)) in several settings but not during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). ⋯ Transcutaneous estimations of PCO(2) and SpO(2) are accurate and can be used in CPET, circumvening the need for arterial cannulation.