Lancet neurology
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Comment Letter
Intracranial aneurysms: individualising the risk of rupture.
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Acute optic neuritis is the most common optic neuropathy affecting young adults. Exciting developments have occurred over the past decade in understanding of optic neuritis pathophysiology, and these developments have been translated into treatment trials. In its typical form, optic neuritis presents as an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the optic nerve, which can be associated with multiple sclerosis. ⋯ Atypical forms can necessitate prolonged immunosuppressive regimens. Optical coherence tomography and visual evoked potential measures are suitable for detection of neuroaxonal loss and myelin repair after optic neuritis. Clinical trials are underway to identify potential neuroprotective or remyelinating treatments for acutely symptomatic inflammatory demyelinating CNS lesions.
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Biomarkers can be thought of as multifaceted indicators of healthy status or of pathological disorders. The study of multiple sclerosis can benefit from the use of biomarkers because of the disease's inherent heterogeneity. Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis might assist with diagnosis, prediction of disease course, or identification of response outcome to treatments. Despite the need for biomarkers and extensive research to identify them, validation and clinical application of biomarkers is still an unmet need in multiple sclerosis, and large gaps remain between exploratory biomarkers proposed in many studies, validated biomarkers, and biomarkers that are integrated into routine clinical practice.