Lancet neurology
-
Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is associated with a post-acute stage that is not well known. We aimed to describe the clinical features of this stage, similarities with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, and the factors that predict cognitive-psychiatric outcomes and could serve as prognostic biomarkers. ⋯ Instituto Salud Carlos III, NEURON Network of European Funding for Neuroscience Research, National Alliance for Research in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders, and la Caixa Health-Research Foundation.
-
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) occurs in up to half of individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. DPN results from the distal-to-proximal loss of peripheral nerve function, leading to physical disability and sometimes pain, with the consequent lowering of quality of life. Early diagnosis improves clinical outcomes, but many patients still develop neuropathy. ⋯ The pathophysiology of DPN is complex, but mechanisms converge on a unifying theme of bioenergetic failure in the peripheral nerves due to their unique anatomy. Current clinical management focuses on controlling diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and pain, but remains suboptimal for most patients. Thus, research is ongoing to improve early diagnosis and prognosis, to identify molecular mechanisms that could lead to therapeutic targets, and to investigate lifestyle interventions to improve clinical outcomes.