Traffic injury prevention
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2018
The prevalence and correlates of texting while driving among a population-based sample of Ontario students.
Texting while driving (TWD) has a deleterious impact on driving performance and may pose a significant challenge to traffic safety. This challenge may be particularly relevant for young and inexperienced drivers. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of writing text messages or emails while driving during the past 12 months. ⋯ This research demonstrates that TWD is an extremely common behavior among licensed student drivers in Ontario, particularly among those who have passed the first stage of graduated licensing. TWD is associated with other risky driving behaviors and outcomes, and the findings from this study underscore the need to better understand the harms associated with this behavior.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2018
Comparative StudyComparing fracture patterns of younger versus older riders involved in nonfatal motorcycle accidents.
The motorcyclist demographic is shifting to a larger proportion of riders over the age of 40. We sought to identify differences in orthopedic injury distribution and severity between 3 age cohorts and identify independent factors that contribute to fractures following a motorcycle collision (MCC). ⋯ Elderly patients sustained fractures more frequently. There was no difference between age groups with respect to injury severity. Mechanism of collision may have more influence than age with respect to fracture type and location. Further research is warranted to develop a more widely generalizable characterization of motorcycle collision injury patterns, risk factors, and patient characteristics.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2018
Medical investigation after a motorcoach strikes the rear of a tractor semitrailer parked on the highway; 13 fatal.
The objective of this study was to examine the medical conditions of 2 commercial drivers and the effects of physical barriers to occupant egress in a crash involving a tractor trailer and a motorcoach in order to assess and identify the factors that caused the crash and had a significant effect on occupant extrication. ⋯ The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the accident was the truck driver's falling asleep, most likely due to undiagnosed moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and the motorcoach driver's failure to identify the stopped truck as a hazard requiring evasive action, most likely as the result of fatigue. Additional easy-to-use emergency exits would have decreased the time to extricate the occupants.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2018
Near-miss crashes and other predictors of motorcycle crashes: Findings from a population-based survey.
Crash and injury surveillance studies have identified a range of rider-related factors, including age, sex, licensure, training and experience, as being associated with motorcycle crash risk. The aim of this study was to establish whether these previously identified factors were associated with crash involvement in an Australian-based population. ⋯ These findings provide important population-level information and insights about risk exposure for motorcyclists. Taking a more tailored approach to data collection meant that factors associated with crash involvement were identified that are not commonly observed in studies relying on administrative data. In particular, the study highlights the importance of near-crash experiences as warnings to riders and the need to use such experiences as learning opportunities to improve their riding style and safety.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2018
Rollover injury in vehicles with high-strength-to-weight ratio (SWR) roofs, curtain and side airbags, and other safety improvements.
This study investigated trends in severe injury and ejection in rollover crashes involving lap-shoulder-belted drivers and right-front passengers. It was conducted because of changes in 2009 to consumer information programs and regulations related to rollover protection. The data are presented by model year (MY) of the vehicle in groups from 1995 to 2016. NASS-CDS cases with 2010-2016 MY vehicles were also evaluated to determine the crash circumstances and causes for severe injury of belted occupants in vehicles with a high strength-to-weight (SWR) roof, curtain, and side airbags and other safety improvements. ⋯ This study found a reduction in severe injury and ejection risk with modern vehicles. It indicates that vehicle safety has improved in response to IIHS and NHTSA efforts to expand the array of safety requirements and increase performance so that newer models are safer than earlier ones. There has been an incremental improvement in safety due to these advances.