African health sciences
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African health sciences · Mar 2023
Imaging of developmental delay in black African children: A hospital-based study in Yaoundé-Cameroon.
The purpose of this study was to describe the anomalies observed on imaging for developmental delay in black African children. ⋯ In our context, there is a high prevalence of organic anomalies in the imaging of psychomotor delay, which were dominated by cerebral atrophy secondary to hypoxic ischemic events.
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African health sciences · Mar 2023
Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, molecular-genetic and risk profiles of gastrointestinal stromal tumors in a cohort of Sudanese patients.
Determining the risk of malignant behaviour and mutational status of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) guide the management decision and allow optimal individualized patient treatment. ⋯ Sudanese patients with GIST tend to present late. Nearly half of them correspond to the malignant/high-risk category. The frequency of KIT mutations (79.31%) is in line with the literature.
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African health sciences · Mar 2023
Predictors of mortality and survival probability distribution among patients on tuberculosis treatment in Vihiga County, Kenya.
Tuberculosis (TB) related mortality remains a serious impediment in ending TB epidemic. ⋯ Risk of TB mortality is high and is attributable to comorbidities, severe illness, HIV and smoking. Causes and conditions contributing to TB mortality are multifaceted but modifiable. Improving TB/HIV care could reduce mortality in this setting.
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African health sciences · Mar 2023
Cost-effectiveness of dolutegravir vs. efavirenz-based combined antiretroviral therapies in HIV-infected treatment-naive patients in a Nigerian treatment centre.
Dolutegravir (DTG) based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has largely replaced Efavirenz (EFV) based therapy as the preferred first-line regimen in the treatment of adults with HIV. This study was carried out to evaluate the comparative cost-effectiveness of DTG and EFV-based ART in HIV-infected treatment-naïve patients in a treatment centre in Nigeria. ⋯ Efavirenz based regimen had higher treatment effectiveness than DTG-based regimen in treatment-naive patients after initiating treatment in a short term. Compared to EFV, DTG-based regimen is cost-effective in the management of treatment naïve HIV patients.
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African health sciences · Mar 2023
Hypertension in people living with HIV on combined antiretroviral therapy in rural Tanzania.
Exposure to anti-retroviral therapy in HIV infection has been associated with hypertension, but whether and to what extent HIV-related factors and anti-retroviral treatment contribute to hypertension is not well defined; in addition, data are particularly scarce in Sub-Saharan Africa. Aim of the study was to investigate prevalence and awareness of hypertension in a cohort of people living with HIV (PLWHIV) on anti-retroviral therapy in rural Tanzania, and to identify possible predictors of hypertension. A cross-sectional study on hypertension in PLWHIV was conducted at Tosamaganga District Hospital, Iringa Region, Tanzania. ⋯ Older age, higher BMI and lower baseline T-CD4 count were predictors of hypertension at multivariate analysis. The results of the study suggest that hypertension screening should become part of ordinary care of PLWHIV in Tanzania, particularly in subjects with more severe immunosuppression. Leveraging already existing HIV services could be an option to prevent the burden of non-AIDS complication and related deaths.