Medicina clinica
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Letter Case Reports
Pulmonary and mediastinal nocardiosis due to lymph node involvement.
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Retinal venous occlusion (RVO) is the second most frequent cause of decreased visual acuity due to retinal vascular, after diabetic retinopathy. Its etiology is not completely clear. ⋯ However, no increase in cardiovascular mortality has been detected. Therefore, a multidisciplinary clinical approach to this pathology is essential.
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Migraine is a disease with a high prevalence and incidence, in addition to being highly disabling, causing a great impact on the patient's quality of life at a personal, family and work level, but also social, given its high expense due to its direct (care) and indirect (presenteeism and work absenteeism) costs. The multiple and recent developments in its pathophysiological knowledge and in its therapy require updating and, therefore, in this article the Spanish scientific societies most involved in its study and treatment (SEN, SEMFYC and SEMERGEN), together with the Association Spanish Association for Patients with Migraine and other Headaches (AEMICE), we have developed these updated care recommendations. ⋯ We also discuss preventive treatment consisting of oral preventive drugs, botulinum toxin, and treatments that block the action of calcitonin-related peptide (CGRP). Finally, we emphasize that pharmacological treatments must be complementary to carrying out general measures consisting of identifying and managing/deletion the precipitating factors of the attacks and the chronicizing factors, controlling the comorbidities of migraine and eliminating analgesic overuse.
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Transbronchial needle aspiration guided by endobronchial ultrasonography (EBUSTBNA) has the disadvantage of sometimes offering samples of an unsuitable size for an accurate histo-molecular diagnosis. Transbronchial mediastinal cryobiopsy (CRYOEBUS) is a very novel and additional technique to EBUS-TBNA that allows us to obtain larger and quality samples, improving diagnostic performance. ⋯ The CRYO-EBUS technique is cost-effective and safe, and is superior to EBUS-TBNA. Future studies may confirm our findings.