Cancer science
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Review Meta Analysis
MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of glioma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Glioma is the most common central nervous system tumor and associated with poor prognosis. Identifying effective diagnostic biomarkers for glioma is particularly important in order to guide optimizing treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have drawn much attention because of their diagnostic value in diverse cancers, including glioma. ⋯ Moreover, AUC of miR-21 was 0.88, with 86% sensitivity and 94% specificity. This study demonstrated that miRNAs could function as potential diagnosis markers in glioma. Detection of miRNAs in CSF and brain tissue displays high accuracy in the diagnosis of glioma.
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Reprogramming technology has enabled the fate conversion of terminally differentiated somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells or into another differentiated state. A dynamic reorganization of epigenetic regulation takes place during cellular reprogramming. Given that reprogramming does not require changes in the underlying genome, the technology can be used to actively modify epigenetic regulation. ⋯ Notably, recent studies using in vivo reprogramming technology to alter epigenetic regulation at organismal levels have revealed unappreciated epigenetic mechanisms in various biological phenomena, including cancer development, tissue regeneration, aging, and rejuvenation in mammals. Moreover, in vivo reprogramming technology can be applied to abrogate epigenetic aberrations associated with aging and cancer, which raises the possibility that the technology could provide a potential strategy to control the fate of detrimental cells such as senescent cells and cancer cells in vivo. Here, we review recent progress and future perspectives of in vivo reprogramming.
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Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activating mutations occur in approximately 50% of East Asian patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and confer sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). ASP8273 is an irreversible EGFR-TKI, given orally, that inhibits EGFR activating mutations and has shown clinical activity in patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC. Epidermal growth factor receptor-TKI-naïve Japanese adult patients (≥20 years) with NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations were enrolled in this open-label, single-arm, phase II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02500927). ⋯ The most commonly reported treatment-emergent adverse event was diarrhea (n = 24, 77%). All patients had at least one post-baseline scan; one patient (3%) achieved a confirmed complete response, 13 (42%) had a confirmed partial response, and 15 (48%) had confirmed stable disease (disease control rate, 94% [n = 29/31]) per investigator assessment. Once-daily ASP8273 at 300 mg was generally well tolerated and showed antitumor activity in TKI-naïve Japanese patients with EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC.