JAMA network open
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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) permits states to expand Medicaid coverage for most low-income adults to 138% of the federal poverty level and requires the provision of mental health and substance use disorder services on parity with other medical and surgical services. Uptake of substance use disorder services with medications for opioid use disorder has increased more in Medicaid expansion states than in nonexpansion states, but whether ACA-related Medicaid expansion is associated with county-level opioid overdose mortality has not been examined. ⋯ Medicaid expansion was associated with reductions in total opioid overdose deaths, particularly deaths involving heroin and synthetic opioids other than methadone, but increases in methadone-related mortality. As states invest more resources in addressing the opioid overdose epidemic, attention should be paid to the role that Medicaid expansion may play in reducing opioid overdose mortality, in part through greater access to medications for opioid use disorder.
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Much of the wide variation in health care has been associated with practice variation among physicians. Physicians choosing to see patients with more (or fewer) care needs could also produce variations in care observed across physicians. ⋯ This study found preference variation across physicians and within physicians during the course of a shift. These findings suggest that current efforts to reduce practice variation may not affect the variation associated with physician preferences, which reflect underlying differences in patient needs and not physician practice.
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PTEN is among the most common autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-predisposition genes. Germline PTEN mutation carriers can develop malignant neoplasms and/or neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD and developmental delay. Why a single gene contributes to disparate clinical outcomes, even in patients with identical PTEN mutations, remains unclear. ⋯ These findings suggest that copy number variations are associated with the ASD/developmental delay clinical phenotype in PHTS, providing proof of principle for similarly heterogeneous disorders lacking outcome-specific associations.
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Given the high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there is a need for simpler and automated diagnostic approaches. ⋯ Automatic analysis of MM patterns provided reliable performance in RDI calculation. The use of this index in OSA diagnosis appears to be promising.
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Millions of Americans use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). A growing number of state and local governments have started to draft and implement laws regarding the sale, marketing, and use of e-cigarettes. The association of US state regulations regarding e-cigarettes with e-cigarette use remains unknown. ⋯ These findings suggest that several state regulations regarding e-cigarettes may be associated with reduced e-cigarette use among US adults.