JAMA network open
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Retracted Publication
Association Between Maternal Exposure to Magnetic Field Nonionizing Radiation During Pregnancy and Risk of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Offspring in a Longitudinal Birth Cohort.
An association between maternal exposure to magnetic field (MF) nonionizing radiation during pregnancy and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been reported in both animal and human studies. ⋯ Consistent with the emerging literature, this study suggests that in utero exposure to high levels of MF nonionizing radiation was associated with an increased risk of ADHD, especially ADHD with immune-related comorbidity. The findings should spur more research to examine the biological association of in utero MF exposure with risk of ADHD in offspring, given that almost everyone is exposed to it.
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Enrollment in Medicare Advantage (MA) has been increasing and has reached one-third of total Medicare enrollment. Because of data limitations, direct comparison of inpatient rehabilitation services between MA and traditional Medicare (TM) beneficiaries has been very scarce. Subgroups of elderly individuals admitted to inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) may experience different care outcomes by insurance types. ⋯ This study suggests that MA enrollees experience shorter length of stay and better outcomes for postacute care than do TM beneficiaries in IRFs. The magnitude of the differences depends on treatment deferability, patient sociodemographic subgroups, and facility characteristics.
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Mammography screening currently relies on subjective human interpretation. Artificial intelligence (AI) advances could be used to increase mammography screening accuracy by reducing missed cancers and false positives. ⋯ While no single AI algorithm outperformed radiologists, an ensemble of AI algorithms combined with radiologist assessment in a single-reader screening environment improved overall accuracy. This study underscores the potential of using machine learning methods for enhancing mammography screening interpretation.
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The treatment plans of patients with cancer involve multiple modalities that oncologists need to explain to patients. One such modality is chemotherapy, in which information about the goals, duration, and expected complications of therapy are considered fundamental to achieving optimal patient understanding. Therefore, effective communication between patients and their treating physicians is important to ensure patient adherence to treatment and achieve better outcomes. ⋯ Most patients showed suboptimal understanding of aspects of their chemotherapy treatment plans. More effort and time should be dedicated to enhancing the understanding of chemotherapy plans among patients with lower educational levels. In addition, self-report surveys that evaluate patients' understanding of their chemotherapy treatment plans should be developed and added to the informed consent process to objectively assess how much a patient understands and to develop a stepwise patient education program that targets patients with the lowest levels of understanding.
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Although there are many pharmacologic alternatives to opioids, it is unclear whether the structure of Medicare Part D formularies discourages use of the alternatives. ⋯ Lack of Medicare coverage for pharmacologic alternatives to opioids may be associated with increased opioid prescribing.