Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA
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Artificial intelligence has demonstrated a promising potential for diagnosing complex medical cases, with Generative Pre-Trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4) being the most recent advancement in this field. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the GPT-4 in comparison with that of its predecessor, GPT-3.5, using 81 complex medical case records from the New England Journal of Medicine. The cases were categorized as cognitive impairment, infectious disease, rheumatology, or drug reactions. ⋯ GPT-4 demonstrated the highest performance in infectious diseases and drug reactions, whereas it underperformed in cases of cognitive impairment. These findings indicate that GPT-4 can provide reasonably accurate diagnoses, comprehensive differential diagnoses, and appropriate investigations. However, its performance varies across subspecialties.