Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine
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Regardless of whether it is acute or chronic, the assessment of pain should be simple and practical. Since the intensity of pain is thought to be one of the primary factors that determine its effect on a human's overall function and sense, there are many scales to assess pain. The aim of the current article was to review pain intensity scales that are commonly used in dental and oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS). ⋯ In dental or OMFS research, the use of the VAS is more common because it is more reliable, valid, sensitive, and appropriate. However, some researchers use NRS to evaluate OMFS pain in adults because this scale is easier to use than VAS and yields relatively similar pain scores. This review only assessed pain scales used for post-operative OMFS or dental pain.
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The first clinical application of nitrous oxide (N2O) was in 1844, by an American dentist named Horace Wells who used it to control pain during tooth extraction. Since then, N2O has shared a 170-year history with modern dental anesthesia. ⋯ Numerous studies have reported that N2O can be used safely and effectively as a procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) agent. However, N2O can lead to the irreversible inactivation of vitamin B12, which is essential for humans; although rare, this can be fatal in some patients.
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J Dent Anesth Pain Med · Dec 2017
ReviewCharacteristics of electroencephalogram signatures in sedated patients induced by various anesthetic agents.
Devices that monitor the depth of hypnosis based on the electroencephalogram (EEG) have long been commercialized, and clinicians use these to titrate the dosage of hypnotic agents. However, these have not yet been accepted as standard monitoring devices for anesthesiology. ⋯ Several studies have reported that power spectral analysis alone can distinguish the effects of different hypnotic agents on consciousness changes. This paper introduces the basic concept of power spectral analysis and introduces the EEG characteristics of various hypnotic agents that are used in sedation.
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J Dent Anesth Pain Med · Dec 2016
Case ReportsPharyngeal flap damage caused by nasotracheal intubation in a patient who underwent palatoplasty and pharyngoplasty.
Patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) must undergo corrective surgeries during infancy and early childhood. Many patients with CLP undergo orthognathic surgery during their childhood for correction of skeletal asymmetries or pharyngoplasty with a pharyngeal flap to improve the quality of speech and velopharyngeal function. During orthognathic surgeries, nasotracheal intubation is performed under general anesthesia. ⋯ Bleeding occurred because the flap was torn. After achieving hemostasis, the surgery was completed successfully. Thus, if a patient may show the potential for velopharyngeal port obstruction, nasotracheal intubation should be performed with utmost care.
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J Dent Anesth Pain Med · Oct 2019
Comparative evaluation of virtual reality distraction and counter-stimulation on dental anxiety and pain perception in children.
This study evaluated the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) distraction and counter-stimulation (CS) on dental anxiety and pain perception to local anesthesia in children. ⋯ VR distraction is better than CS for reducing anxiety to injection in children undergoing extraction and pulpectomy.