American journal of diseases of children (1911)
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Studies of arterialized capillary blood gases and acid-base values were performed on 712 normal persons who were between the ages of 29 days and 24 years. The results were divided for clinical use into six groups by age; linear regression lines were constructed for better understanding of the development of blood gas levels and the acid-base balance. ⋯ The probable explanation for the lower values in infants is discussed. The effects of crying on the composition of blood gases are mentioned.
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As part of an intensive drug surveillance program, we identified rates and associated risk factors for hyperglycemia related to intravenous 10% dextrose solution in a population of 1,157 newborns in two neonatal intensive care units. Hyperglycemia related to 10% dextrose solution was observed in 64 exposed infants (5.5%), a rate similar to that observed for hypoglycemia (6.7%) in this population. There was a highly significant trend toward an increasing risk of hyperglycemia with decreasing body weight, such that the risk of hyperglycemia among infants weighing less than 1,000 g was 18 times greater than the risk among infants weighing more than 2,000 g. ⋯ The effects of weight and dose were independent. Certain measures of disease severity also were associated with increased risks of hyperglycemia. Because increases in blood glucose levels may affect renal function or possibly lead to intraventricular hemorrhage, it is important that glucose levels in neonates receiving 10% dextrose solution be carefully monitored, and the total dextrose dose be adjusted accordingly.
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The role of human enteric coronaviruses in infantile gastroenteritis is controversial. We detected coronaviruslike particles in the intestinal contents and within the epithelial cells of the ileum in a 15-month-old infant who had postmortem evidence of severe enteritis. Ultrastructural findings consistent with in vivo coronavirus replication in the human small intestine support a causative role for this agent in gastroenteritis.
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We describe a patient with Crouzon syndrome and congenital tracheal stenosis. The trachea lacked rings and was completely cartilaginous, making it rigid and narrow. ⋯ Congenital tracheal stenosis may occur as an isolated defect or as one of many other congenital defects. In patients with Crouzon syndrome who have recurrent respiratory problems, congenital tracheal or bronchial defects should be considered since surgical intervention may correct the defect.
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Herpetic whitlow is a herpes simplex virus infection of a distal phalanx. It is characterized by pain, swelling, erythema, and nonpurulent vesicle formation. Herpetic whitlow follows direct inoculation (exogenous or autogenous) or reactivation of latent virus. ⋯ The diagnosis of herpetic whitlow is readily confirmed by Tzanck test and culture. It is important to distinguish herpetic whitlow from bacterial felon or paronychia, as herpetic whitlow is a self-limited infection for which surgical incision is not indicated. We described herpetic whitlow in five children, one adolescent, and two pediatric residents.