Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR
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Rapid technological advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) methods have fueled explosive growth in decision tools being marketed by a rapidly growing number of companies. AI developments are being driven largely by computer scientists, informaticians, engineers, and businesspeople, with much less direct participation by radiologists. Participation by radiologists in AI is largely restricted to educational efforts to familiarize them with the tools and promising results, but techniques to help them decide which AI tools should be used in their practices and to how to quantify their value are not being addressed. This article focuses on the role of radiologists in imaging AI and suggests specific ways they can be engaged by (1) considering the clinical need for AI tools in specific clinical use cases, (2) undertaking formal evaluation of AI tools they are considering adopting in their practices, and (3) maintaining their expertise and guarding against the pitfalls of overreliance on technology.
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Recent advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence offer promising applications to radiology quality improvement initiatives as they relate to the radiology value network. Coordination within the interlocking web of systems, events, and stakeholders in the radiology value network may be mitigated though standardization, automation, and a focus on workflow efficiency. In this article the authors present applications of these various strategies via use cases for quality improvement projects at different points in the radiology value network. In addition, the authors discuss opportunities for machine-learning applications in data aggregation as opposed to traditional applications in data extraction.
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Within artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML) efforts in radiation oncology have augmented the transition from generalized to personalized treatment delivery. Although their impact on quality and safety of radiation therapy has been limited, they are increasingly being used throughout radiation therapy workflows. Various data-driven approaches have been used for outcome prediction, CT simulation, clinical decision support, knowledge-based planning, adaptive radiation therapy, plan validation, machine quality assurance, and process quality assurance; however, there are many challenges that need to be addressed with the creation and usage of ML algorithms as well as the interpretation and dissemination of findings. In this review, the authors present current applications of ML in radiation oncology quality and safety initiatives, discuss challenges faced by the radiation oncology community, and suggest future directions.
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Radiology-pathology correlation has long been foundational to continuing education, peer learning, quality assurance, and multidisciplinary patient care. The objective of this study was to determine whether modern deep-learning language-modeling techniques could reliably match pathology reports to pertinent radiology reports. ⋯ Modern deep-learning language-modeling approaches are promising for radiology-pathology correlation. Because of their rapid adaptation to underlying training labels, these models advance previous artificial intelligence work in that they can be continuously improved and tuned to improve performance and adjust to user and site-level preference.