Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA
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Emerg Med Australas · Dec 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialNitrous oxide/oxygen compared with fentanyl in reducing pain among adults with isolated extremity trauma: a randomized trial.
To compare the effectiveness of nitrous oxide/oxygen (N(2)O/O(2)) and fentanyl in relieving pain among patients with an isolated long bone fracture or main joint dislocation of the limbs. ⋯ Neither nitrous oxide/oxygen or fentanyl appeared to be superior to the other in relieving moderate to severe pain among emergency patients presenting with isolated limb fracture or dislocation. In an ED, increased use of nitrous oxide might reduce the overall need for opiate analgesia, and in our setting, the need for constant monitoring.
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Emerg Med Australas · Oct 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialTropisetron versus metoclopramide for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in the emergency department: A randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial.
We aimed to compare the relative efficacy of tropisetron and metoclopramide in treating nausea/vomiting in undifferentiated ED patients. ⋯ Tropisetron was associated with a significantly lower vomiting rate and shows promise as an alternative anti-emetic in the ED.
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Emerg Med Australas · Apr 2011
Randomized Controlled TrialEquivalency of two concentrations of fentanyl administered by the intranasal route for acute analgesia in children in a paediatric emergency department: a randomized controlled trial.
Intranasal fentanyl's (INF) effectiveness is established using highly concentrated INF (HINF). Standard concentration INF (SINF) is more widely available. We aimed to illustrate the equivalence of SINF to HINF. ⋯ The two concentrations of INF were equivalent in reducing pain, with a trend to increased oral additional agents in the more dilute solution. The widespread use of this readily available analgesic in the standard concentration can be supported, particularly in patients <50 kg.
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Emerg Med Australas · Dec 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialThe CO₂ GAP Project--CO₂ GAP as a prognostic tool in emergency departments.
To determine whether CO₂ GAP [(a-ET) PCO₂] value differs consistently in patients presenting with shortness of breath to the ED requiring ventilatory support. To determine a cut-off value of CO₂ GAP, which is consistently associated with measured outcome and to compare its performance against other derived variables. ⋯ The CO₂ GAP [(a-ET) PCO₂] differs significantly in patients requiring assisted ventilation when presenting with shortness of breath to EDs and further research addressing the prognostic value of CO₂ GAP in this specific aspect is required.
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Emerg Med Australas · Dec 2010
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe comparative pharmacokinetics of modified-release and immediate-release paracetamol in a simulated overdose model.
Panadol Extend (PEx) is an over-the-counter, modified-release formulation of paracetamol. Each 665 mg tablet contains 69% slow-release and 31% immediate-release paracetamol. In simulated human overdose, PEx exhibits lower and later peak serum concentrations and a lower area-under-the-curve (AUC) than comparable doses of immediate-release paracetamol (APAP-IR). The lower AUC might result from incomplete absorption of paracetamol or simultaneous metabolism with absorption. ⋯ There were minor differences between the PK parameters of the two major paracetamol metabolites of these two preparations in simulated overdose. The variability in paracetamol AUC seen between the two preparations in moderate overdose might be explained by concurrent metabolism of paracetamol during slower absorption with PEx.