Acta neurochirurgica
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3 patients attempted suicide by a powder-activated cattle skull impacting tool (Slauthterer's gun). While captive bolt pre-slaughter stunning in pigs and ruminants is safe, two of the patients remainded conscious after the shot and survived. Despite much lower impact velocity (less than 50 m/sec) these self-inflicted brain lesions are as serious as "low velocity" (less than 300 m/sec) penetrating gunshot wounds, mainly because of impaction of bone fragments and the dynamic energy possessed by the bolt.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1985
The early prognosis of craniocerebral gunshot wounds in civilian practice as an aid to the choice of treatment. A series of 56 cases studied by the computerized tomography.
The authors report a series of 56 cases of craniocerebral lesions secondary to missile injuries studied by means of CT scan. CT scans demonstrate the track of the missile, destruction of deep cerebral parenchyma, dissection of the white matter (intracerebral air) and reactive oedema. The prognostic incidence of CT is discussed. The CT scan helps to choose the best therapeutic management with respect to each particular case.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1985
The pathogenetic and prognostic significance of blood-brain barrier damage at the acute stage of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Clinical and experimental studies.
In a retrospective study, pathological tissue enhancement was found in nearly two fifths of patients with acute SAH on contrast-enhanced cranial computed tomography. By means of absorption measurements with the region of interest technique over the basal ganglia, it was proved indirectly that pathological tissue enhancement should be brought about not only by hyperaemia, i.e., a blood volume increase, but also by extravasation of the contrast material, i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. A similar conclusion was drawn from the retrospective isotope brain scintigraphy study. ⋯ Measurements on the water, electrolyte, albumin contents of brain tissue, as well as the immunohistochemical localization of albumin, clearly indicated that the brain oedema developing at the acute stage of experimental SAH could be classified as having a primary vasogenic component in addition to the cytotoxic component. This increased capillary permeability was found to be brought about by opening of tight junctions and pinocytosis in the endothelial cells. The pathological capillary permeabilit
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1985
Epidural monitoring of the intracranial pressure in severe head injury characterized by non-localizing motor response.
Recent studies on prognostic variables and the intensive care of head injuries enabled us to select 64 patients and administer a standard treatment protocol to prevent secondary brain injury. All the patients were in coma with a flexor motor pattern as the best response between 6 and 24 hours after the accident and/or decompressive surgery. Continuous epidural intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was used in all patients to control the effect of positioning, analgetics, hyperventilation and osmotherapy. ⋯ A subsequent further rise to 40 mm Hg signified a very high risk of progression towards brain tamponade. The majority of the patients (71%) with a maximum ICP increase of less than 40 mm Hg had an acceptable recovery. After 6-12 months, the outcome in this series of patients was 48% with a good/moderate recovery, 14% with severe deficits and 38% dead/vegetative.
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Acta neurochirurgica · Jan 1985
Case ReportsMicrosurgical anatomy around the origin of the ophthalmic artery with reference to contralateral pterional surgical approach to the carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm.
The supraclinoid segments of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and their surrounding structures were examined under magnification in 25 adult cadavers. Attention was paid to anatomical variations and relationships concerning ipsilateral and contralateral pterional microsurgical approaches to these regions, especially to the origin of the ophthalmic artery. Eighty-four percent of the ophthalmic arteries arose from the supraclinoid segment of the ICA. ⋯ This study supports the usefulness of the contralateral pterional approach to the origin of the ophthalmic artery and the medial aspect of the supraclinoid segment of the ICA. This approach could be useful in certain cases of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm. The authors' experience with the contralateral pterional approach to carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms is also described.