Clinical toxicology : the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2006
Case ReportsHyperosmolality: another indication for hemodialysis following acute ethylene glycol poisoning.
When given early, fomepizole has demonstrated an effective role in the treatment of ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication, often eliminating the need for hemodialysis (HD). Many indications for HD have been suggested for EG intoxication. ⋯ Despite early treatment with fomepizole and without the development of acidosis or renal insufficiency, the patient required HD for hyperosmolality and subsequent electrolyte imbalances. Indications for HD following EG intoxication are discussed.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2006
Analysis of 8000 hospital admissions for acute poisoning in a rural area of Sri Lanka.
Acute poisoning, especially deliberate self-poisoning with agricultural pesticides, is an emerging global public health problem, but reliable incidence estimates are lacking. Only a few previous studies have assessed the impact of regulatory or other preventive measures. ⋯ Regulatory control of highly toxic pesticides provides important health benefits, especially in terms of lower number of deaths from self-poisoning. However, despite the positive effect of these bans, many deaths from pesticide self-poisoning still occur after ingestion of agricultural pesticides classified as only moderately poisonous.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2006
Nitric oxide scavenging by hydroxocobalamin may account for its hemodynamic profile.
Antidotal doses of hydroxocobalamin are associated with transient increases in blood pressure in some animals and humans. These studies in anesthetized rabbits were undertaken to explore the possible mechanisms underlying the hemodynamic effects of hydroxocobalamin by investigating 1) possible hemodynamic effects of cyanocobalamin, which is formed on a molar-to-molar basis when hydroxocobalamin binds cyanide, and 2) the interference of hydroxocobalamin with the endothelial nitric oxide system. ⋯ These studies in anesthetized rabbits demonstrate that the moderate pressor effect of hydroxocobalamin is not related to the formation of cyanocobalamin but is very likely related to the scavenging of nitric oxide by hydroxocobalamin.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Jan 2006
Comparative StudyEfficacy of hydroxocobalamin for the treatment of acute cyanide poisoning in adult beagle dogs.
The efficacy of hydroxocobalamin for acute cyanide poisoning was compared with that of saline vehicle in dogs. ⋯ Hydroxocobalamin reversed cyanide toxicity and reduced mortality in a canine model.