Clinical toxicology : the official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2013
Multicenter StudyDemographics and outcome of unintentional insulin overdoses managed by three poison centers.
Insulin dosing errors are one of the most dangerous medication issues due to the risk of profound hypoglycemia. The incidence of insulin dosing errors is increasing and there is no standard of care for management location. ⋯ Insulin dosing accidents can be routinely managed at home by PCs and have a low rate of hypoglycemia and adverse outcomes. This suggests that these cases can often be managed at home without referral with a potential benefit in no direct cost to the patient, convenience, and immediacy.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2013
Comparative StudyMethadone toxicity: comparing tablet and syrup formulations during a decade in an academic poison center of Iran.
Due to an increase in the number of methadone maintenance clinics in the past decade in Iran, acute methadone overdose has become one of the common poisonings in our society. ⋯ In order to reduce the rate of poisoning, we recommend the use of child-resistant containers for dispensing syrup, reduction in methadone concentration, adding a coloring agent, special flavor, and education of patients on the safe storage of methadone in their home in order to reduce the occurrence of accidental poisonings.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2013
Controlled Clinical TrialEffect of intravenous lipid emulsion in patients with acute glyphosate intoxication.
Although glyphosate intoxication has been considered minimally toxic in animals, severe toxicity has been observed in humans due to surfactant. We aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) on the patients with acute glyphosate intoxication. ⋯ ILE administration was associated with lower incidence of hypotension and arrhythmia in patients with acute glyphosate intoxication. ILE administration seems to be an effective treatment modality in patients who ingested sufficient amount of glyphosate herbicide that is expected to bring about significant toxicity.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2013
Pre-hospital management and outcome of acute poisonings by ambulances in Yekaterinburg, Russia.
Large, prospective pre-hospital studies of acute poisonings are scarce. We present the epidemiology of the pre-hospital poisonings, the treatment given, the complications of the poisoning itself and the treatment, predictors for hospitalization, and the safety of the present approach in a large industrial Russian city. ⋯ This study reveals current practice differing from the common treatment practice in most places, especially concerning the use of gastric lavage. Whether the current practice led to an increased morbidity and mortality is uncertain, but it justifies the need for thorough evaluation of clinical practice. These findings highlight the importance of studies like the present to improve diagnostics, triage, and treatment in acute poisonings.
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Clin Toxicol (Phila) · Sep 2013
Assessment of serum S100B and neuron specific enolase levels to evaluate the neurotoxıc effects of organıc solvent exposure.
Long-term organic solvent exposure may cause toxic effects in central nervous system . Trichloroethylene (TCE) is known to be one of the neurotoxic chlorinated organic solvents. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is an oxidative pathway metabolite of TCE. S100B, a calcium-binding protein in glial cells, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in neuron cytoplasma are protein markers of astrocyte and neuron damage, respectively. ⋯ Serum S100B levels were found to be higher in solvent-exposed group when compared with control group. NSE levels were comparable between two groups. Increased Serum S100B levels in organic solvent exposure may indicate a preventive response to neuronal damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced through oxidative metabolic pathways of organic solvents.