Clinics
-
To investigate the value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) combined with Procalcitonin (PCT) in differentiating Tuberculous Lymph Nodes (TLN) from Metastatic Lymph Nodes (MLN). ⋯ CEUS combined with serum PCT has better clinical application value in the differential diagnosis of TLN and MLN.
-
People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) appear to be at a higher risk of developing sarcopenia. Various factors seem to influence the risk of sarcopenia, and its prevalence may differ depending on the screening tool used. This study aimed to (i) Screen the risk of sarcopenia in PLHIV using the SARC-F and SARCCalf and identify associated factors; (ii) Analyze the agreement between the instruments in PLHIV. ⋯ Sarcopenia risk, as determined by both tools, was higher in low-income PLHIV with opportunistic infections, CD4 T-cell count ≤ 200 cells/mm3, low HGS, and low GS, and lower in asymptomatic and non-smoking individuals. The authors recommend investigating these factors in hospital and outpatient settings. The SARCCalf proved to be more appropriate for screening sarcopenia risk in PLHIV.
-
To investigate the clinical and swallowing profiles of patients with post-intubation tracheal or laryngotracheal stenosis requiring tracheostomy prior to surgical or corrective airway interventions. ⋯ The study underscores the need for personalized, multidisciplinary care for these patients. It finds that while treatments like reconstructive surgeries and the Montgomery T-tube can be effective, complications such as clinical instability and dysphagia can worsen outcomes and extend the need for tracheostomy.
-
Observational Study
Incidence of mycobacteria in pulmonary granulomatous lesions.
Mycobacteria infections are caused by species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTB) and other species called Non-Tuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM). Identification of mycobacteria species is very important to define treatment and it can be achieved by direct culture. However, the lack of clear protocols regarding the use of culture or molecular tests on specimens diagnosed with granulomatous lesions causes delays in the diagnosis of the etiological agents and, consequently, the definition of the right treatment. ⋯ In conclusion, this study demonstrated that mycobacteria are detected in 16.72 % to 20.20 % of pulmonary granulomatous lesions. Moreover, MTB and NTM were detected in these lesions. The use of different methods for mycobacteria detection, in addition to culture, is complementary and contributes to fastening and increasing the detection of mycobacteria in these lesions.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of melatonin on postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients submitted to transurethral resection of the prostate under spinal anesthesia.
Hospitalization for Transurethral Prostate Resection (TURP) involves circadian rhythm disturbance - a possible cause of Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorder (POCD) in elderly patients. This study investigated whether melatonin ameliorated this effect. ⋯ Melatonin had no statistical effect on POCD, but a selective beneficial effect was observed in two cognitive areas. The high prevalence of preoperative cognitive impairment may be related to the lower urinary tract symptoms which were reasons for the surgery; the unexpected improvement of cognitive performance in all patients at 180 days PO may reflect alleviation of these symptoms.