Medicinski glasnik : official publication of the Medical Association of Zenica-Doboj Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Atherosclerosis, one of the leading causes of death in developed countries is characterized by lumen reduction of blood vessels due to local thickening of internal blood vessels caused by plaque/atheroma. It begins in childhood, goes for a long time without manifesting symptoms, increasing with age it begins to seriously threaten health. The most important risk factors for the development of atherosclerotic disease are: hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, high fibrinogen, excessive weight, increased level of homocysteine, physical inactivity, heredity and immune response in some diseases. ⋯ The obesity epidemic is one of the most serious health problems of today affecting individuals of all ages. Atherosclerosis demands action with the aim of early detection and treatment as well as the reduction of development of risk factors for coronary artery diseases. Finding the most effective preventive measures for obesity in each country requires precise epidemiological data on the number of obese children and youth, as well as on their eating and activity habits.
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Aim This study provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on the use of ChatGPT, a generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool, in neurosurgery. The study examines potential benefits and limitations of ChatGPT in neurosurgical practice and education. Methods The study involved a systematic review of the current literature on the use of AI in neurosurgery, with a focus on ChatGPT. ⋯ The study also identifies potential benefits of ChatGPT, such as providing personalized treatment plans, supporting surgical planning and navigation, and enhancing large data processing efficiency and accuracy. Conclusion The integration of AI technologies into neurosurgery should be approached with caution and careful consideration of ethical and validation issues. Continued research and development of AI tools in neurosurgery can help us further understand their potential benefits and limitations.
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Aim To evaluate changes of retinal microcirculation in mild cases of recovered COVID-19 patients at least three months after the infection by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) non-invasive method. Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study, 50 right eyes of 50 recovered COVID-19 patients were compared with 50 right eyes of age and gender-matched healthy controls. After the complete ophthalmological examination, all participants underwent OCTA measurements (RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue, Fremont, CA, USA). ⋯ Significantly reduced superficial (p=0.046) and deep (p=0.044) macular vessel density (VD) in foveal region in the eyes of the recovered COVID-19 patients was found compared with healthy controls. Significantly enlarged foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and perimeter in the eyes of the recovered COVID-19 patients (p<0.001) were found too. Conclusion Recovered COVID-19 patients have impaired retinal microcirculation, which can be a cause of the development of retinal vascular diseases.
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Aim Stroke treatment is a time-critical condition. Understanding the impact of timing and types of treatment on patient outcomes can help develop and optimize stroke management strategies. The study aimed to analyse the effect of different time intervals and mechanical thrombectomy methods on outcomes of stroke patients in Kazakhstan. ⋯ Our results demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in NIHSS, mRS after surgical treatment compared to baseline. The association between the extended time from stroke onset to hospitalization and reduced survival rates was observed. Conclusion Our findings indicate the essential role of timely intervention in managing stroke patients, as well as the need for a comprehensive and patient-centred approach to stroke care.
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Aim Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty are minimally invasive procedures used in bone augmentation following vertebral fractures when conservative management has failed. Cement injection could leak into surrounding structures leading to post-operative sequelae, which could be symptomatic. This study compared the rate and site of cement extravasation in vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, and a combined approach. ⋯ Bone metastases were the aetiology with the highest cement leakage rate (27.5%). Conclusion The use of kyphoplasty alone or in conjunction with vertebroplasty decreases the risk of cement extravasation and subsequent complications compared to vertebroplasty alone. The use of pedicle screws appears to be safe and was not found to increase the risk of cement extravasation.