Obesity
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To test whether high-fat diet (HFD) decreases dopaminergic tone in reward regions of the brain and evaluate whether these changes reverse after removal of the HFD. ⋯ These data identify diminished DA tone after early-life chronic HFD with a complex pattern of reversal and persistence that varies by both sex and brain region. Central nervous system changes that did not reverse after HFD withdrawal may contribute to the difficulty in maintaining weight-loss after diet intervention.
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The purpose of this study was to determine reproducibility and clinical thresholds for DXA-derived visceral adipose tissue (VAT). ⋯ The results demonstrated that DXA VAT is a useful clinical marker of cardiometabolic risk; however, further research is required to determine associations with health outcomes using longitudinal studies.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Evaluation of phentermine and topiramate versus phentermine/topiramate extended-release in obese adults.
A 28-week, randomized, controlled trial compared the combination of phentermine and topiramate extended-release (PHEN/TPM ER) with its components as monotherapies and with placebo in obese adults. ⋯ PHEN/TPM ER demonstrated greater WL when used in combination than when used as monotherapies, suggesting enhanced ability of the combination formulation to induce WL at doses lower than with available monotherapies.
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Historical Article
Extending the history of child obesity in the United States: The Fels Longitudinal Study, birth years 1930-1993.
Little is known about the prevalence of child obesity in the US before the first national survey in 1963. There is disagreement about whether the obesity epidemic is entirely a recent phenomenon or a continuation of longstanding trends. ⋯ Most of the results suggest that the child obesity epidemic was recent and sudden. The recency of the epidemic offers some hope that it may be reversed.
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Visceral (VAT) and abdominal subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues contribute to obesity but may have different metabolic and atherosclerosis risk profiles. We sought to determine the associations of abdominal VAT and SAT mass with markers of cardiac and metabolic risk in a large, multiethnic, population-based cohort of obese adults. ⋯ VAT associated with an adverse metabolic, dyslipidemic, and atherogenic obesity phenotype. In contrast, SAT demonstrated a more benign phenotype, characterized by modest associations with inflammatory biomarkers and leptin, but no independent association with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, or atherosclerosis in obese individuals. These findings suggest that abdominal fat distribution defines distinct obesity sub-phenotypes with heterogeneous metabolic and atherosclerosis risk.