Expert review of clinical immunology
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Expert Rev Clin Immunol · May 2010
Historical ArticleCutaneous complications related to permanent decorative tattooing.
Decorative tattooing involves the introduction of exogenous pigments and/or dyes into the dermis to produce a permanent design. Practiced for thousands of years, it has gained tremendous popularity during the past 20 years, especially among the young. ⋯ With the increased prevalence of tattooed individuals, dermatologists have witnessed increasing numbers of patients presenting with complaints about their tattoos. Complications primarily include infections, hypersensitivity reaction to tattoo pigments, benign and sometimes malignant tumors arising on tattoos, and the localization of various dermatoses to tattoos.
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Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that appears to be increasing in frequency. It affects males and females of all ages and ethnic groups. ⋯ Death, when it occurs, tends to be due to respiratory and/or cardiovascular compromise, but most of these fatalities can be prevented by appropriate avoidance measures and emergency management. The management of anaphylaxis is hampered by scientific and clinical uncertainty.
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Expert Rev Clin Immunol · Sep 2009
Prostate autoimmunity: from experimental models to clinical counterparts.
Different murine models of autoimmune prostatitis have been developed and characterized, proving the autoimmune origin of this pathology. Autoimmune prostatitis models have also provided a wealth of information on the mechanisms involved in disease development, shedding light on inciting autoantigens, regulatory and pathogenic T cells, and mediators of prostatic autoimmunity. ⋯ In this review, we will discuss evidence for the autoimmune origin of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and the chronic inflammatory nature of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The autoimmune pathogenesis of CP/CPPS and the chronic inflammation characteristic of BPH will be reviewed within the context of the recent demonstration that human prostate stromal cells from BPH tissue can act as antigen-presenting cells and are not only able to activate CD4(+) T lymphocytes, but can also produce IL-12 and IL-23, which are key cytokines for the induction of pathogenic Th1 and Th17 cells.