Clinical interventions in aging
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Interest and research into the mechanisms and treatment of neuropathic pain have increased during recent years, but current treatment is still far from satisfactory (Dworkin et al 2003; Attal et al 2006). The European Federation of Neurological Societies (EFNS) Task Force recently published guidelines for the pharmacological treatment of neuropathic pain (Attal et al 2006). However, no particular consideration is given as to how the recommendations are applicable to the elderly population. This paper will review the guidelines in relation to this population and evaluate the existing evidence relating to the use of these drugs in older persons.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Factors that influence exercise activity among women post hip fracture participating in the Exercise Plus Program.
Using a social ecological model, this paper describes selected intra- and interpersonal factors that influence exercise behavior in women post hip fracture who participated in the Exercise Plus Program. Model testing of factors that influence exercise behavior at 2, 6 and 12 months post hip fracture was done. ⋯ The three predictive models tested across the 12 month recovery trajectory suggest that somewhat different factors may influence exercise over the recovery period and the models explained 8 to 21% of the variance in time spent exercising. To optimize exercise activity post hip fracture, older adults should be helped to realistically assess their self-efficacy and outcome expectations related to exercise, health care providers and friends/peers should be encouraged to reinforce the positive benefits of exercise post hip fracture, and fear of falling should be addressed throughout the entire hip fracture recovery trajectory.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Continence promotion for older hospital patients following surgery for fractured neck of femur: pilot of a randomized controlled trial.
Evidence suggests that bladder control problems develop or worsen as a result of fractured neck of femur (#NOF) and its subsequent management. The primary aim of this study was to reduce the prevalence and severity of post surgery continence problems among patients, aged from 60-years, undergoing surgery for #NOF, using a best practice "case-management model" multifactorial intervention. Eligible consenting patients admitted with #NOF were randomized to intervention or control group. ⋯ A central outcome was evidence that intervention to improve continence management for older people post-surgery is imperative. Focused assessment and treatment for those most at risk of incontinence after #NOF would be more acceptable to staff and a more efficient use of resources. A simple screening tool would ensure that those most at risk are detected, and targeted for care.
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Osteoporosis is common among older adults and results in costly osteoporotic fractures. Screening for this metabolic bone disorder is warranted in most older adults and clinicians must be diligent in identifying persons at risk. ⋯ Several medications are available to improve bone density and decrease fractures. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake (and treatment of vitamin D deficiency) are paramount in the management of osteoporosis.
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Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication among hospitalized patients. Pharmacological thromboprophylaxis has emerged as the cornerstone for VTE prevention. As trials on thromboprophylaxis in medical patients have proven the efficacy of both low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) and unfractionated heparin (UFH), all acutely medical ill patients should be considered for pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. ⋯ A consistent group among hospitalized medical patients is composed of elderly patients with impaired renal function, a condition potentially associated with bleeding. How these patients should be managed is discussed in this review. Particular attention is devoted to LMWHs and fondaparinux and to measures to improve the safety and the efficacy of their use.