Therapeutic advances in respiratory disease
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Aug 2008
ReviewOxidant--antioxidant imbalance in asthma: scientific evidence, epidemiological data and possible therapeutic options.
Prevalence of asthma has increased considerably in recent decades throughout the world especially in developed countries. Airway inflammation is thought to be prime cause for repeated episodes of airway obstruction in asthmatics. Several studies have shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in initiation as well as amplification of inflammation in asthmatic airways. ⋯ Epidemiological data also support the scientific evidence of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in asthmatics. Therefore, the supplementation of antioxidants to boost the endogenous antioxidants or scavenge excessive ROS production could be utilized to dampen/prevent the inflammatory response in asthma by restoring oxidant-antioxidant balance. This review summarizes the scientific and epidemiological evidence linking asthma with oxidant-antioxidant imbalance and possible antioxidant strategies that can be used therapeutically for better management of asthma.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Apr 2008
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyArformoterol and salmeterol in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a one year evaluation of safety and tolerance.
Concerns have been raised regarding the safety of extended use of long-acting beta2-agonists (LABAs). The safety of arformoterol (50 microg QD), and salmeterol (42 microg BID), was assessed over 12 months in subjects with COPD. The study also examined the occurrence of tolerance with these agents, i.e. whether improvement in airway function diminished or frequency of exacerbations increased with 12-months of use. ⋯ In this trial, both arformoterol 50 microg QD and salmeterol 42 microg BID were well tolerated in patients with COPD. Both LABAs produced effective bronchodilation and their use was not associated with the development of clinically meaningful tolerance over a 1-year treatment period.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Feb 2008
ReviewAugmentation therapy for emphysema due to alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT) is a hereditary recessive autosomal disease caused by mutations in the AAT gene. This disease is characterized by abnormally low AAT concentrations in plasma, which, in its homozygote form, carries a high risk for the development of early pulmonary emphysema and liver damage. Since the end of the 1980s augmentation therapy with AAT from human plasma has been available for specific treatment of emphysema due to AAT deficiency. ⋯ Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is largely unrecognized and underdiagnosed. The foundation of national and international registries is a valid strategy to increase awareness about the disease and collect information about the natural history of this deficiency. Furthermore, the identification of a large number of patients will allow the development of new clinical trials aimed at finding better treatments for this infrequent condition.
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Ther Adv Respir Dis · Dec 2007
Smoking cessation treatment in a real-life setting: the Greek experience.
The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical efficacy of counseling combined with currently used pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation (bupropion SR and nicotine replacement therapy, NRT) in actual clinical practice, and to identify predictors of successful abstinence at the end of therapy, as well as predictors of sustained abstinence in one year. ⋯ Smoking cessation interventions implementing intensive multi-component programs and constant smokers' motivation in health care settings of actual practice seem promising for increasing short and long-term abstinence rates.