The American journal of cardiology
-
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and obesity are major health problems in the United States. However, little is known about whether bariatric surgery affects AF-related morbidities. This study investigated whether bariatric surgery is associated with short-term and long-term changes in the risk of emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations for AF. ⋯ In contrast, the risk significantly increased within 12 months after bariatric surgery (aOR 1.53 [95% CI 1.13 to 2.07] p = 0.006). The risk remained elevated during 13-24 months after bariatric surgery (aOR 1.41 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.91] p = 0.03). In conclusion, this population-based study demonstrated that bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of AF episodes requiring an ED visit or hospitalization for at least 2 years after surgery among obese patients with AF.
-
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have a high risk of mortality after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We compared STEMI patients with versus without COPD in terms of infarct size and left ventricular (LV) systolic function using advanced 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. Of 1,750 patients with STEMI (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 76% male), 133 (7.6%) had COPD. ⋯ Left ventricular ejection fraction (46% vs 47%, p = 0.591) and wall motion score index (1.38 [1.25 to 1.66] vs 1.38 [1.19 to 1.69], p = 0.690) were comparable. In contrast, LV GLS was significantly more impaired in patients with COPD compared with patients without COPD (-13.9 ± 3.0% vs -14.7 ± 3.9%, p = 0.034). In conclusion, despite comparable myocardial infarct size and LV systolic function as assessed with biomarkers and conventional echocardiography, patients with COPD exhibit more impaired LV GLS on advanced echocardiography than patients without COPD, suggesting a greater functional impairment at an early stage after STEMI.
-
Multicenter Study
Outcomes of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (from the Los Angeles County Regional System).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the time to primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and the outcome for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). In this regional system, all patients with STEMI and/or OHCA with return of spontaneous circulation were transported to STEMI Receiving Centers. The outcomes registry was queried for patients with STEMI with underwent primary PCI from April 2011 to December 2014. ⋯ In-hospital mortality was higher after OHCA, 38% versus 6% in STEMI alone, odds ratio 6.3 (95% confidence interval 5.3 to 7.4). Among OHCA survivors, 193 (73%) were discharged with a cerebral performance category score of 1 or 2. In conclusion, despite longer treatment intervals, neurologic outcome was good in nearly half of the surviving patients with STEMI complicated by OHCA, suggesting that these patients can be effectively treated with primary PCI in a regionalized system of care.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Prognostic Significance of Discharge Hyponatremia in Heart Failure Patients With Normal Admission Sodium (from the ESCAPE Trial).
Hyponatremia in acute decompensated heart failure (HF) is indicative of a poor prognosis and predicts morbidity and mortality. We explored the predictive utility of hyponatremia at the time of hospital discharge among HF patients with normal admission sodium (Na). Characteristics and outcomes of HF patients enrolled in the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness trial, who had normal Na on admission, were compared between those who were hyponatremic (Na <135 meq/L) or normonatremic on discharge. ⋯ Cox proportional hazards regressions showed that discharge hyponatremia did not significantly predict any of the 3 outcomes after adjustment for imbalances at baseline. Among patients with discharge hyponatremia, a poor outcome was more likely if they were also hyponatremic on admission: the composite end point occurred in 69.2% of those also hyponatremic on admission versus 51.2% of those with normal Na on admission but decreased Na on discharge (p = 0.045). Because the median discharge Na level in the discharge hyponatremia group was 132 meq/L, our findings suggest a benign nature of mild discharge hyponatremia in HF patients with normal admission Na.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Meta-Analysis of Cardiovascular Outcomes With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the main treatment of OSA. The present study explores the impact of CPAP on cardiovascular outcomes. ⋯ Furthermore, no reduction in the risk of cardiac mortality (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.97, p <0.36, I2 = 2%), myocardial infarction (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64 to 1.44, p <0.15, I2 = 47%), angina pectoris (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.9 to 1.50, p <0.51, I2 = 0%), stroke (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.73 to 1.38, p <0.0.86, I2 = 0%), and transient ischemic attack (RR 1.36, 95% CI 00.69 to 2.68, p <0.24, I2 = 30%) was observed. Subgroup analysis of CPAP adherence in regards to cardiac outcomes showed that CPAP use is not associated with decreased risk of heart failure (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.66, p <0.55, I2 = 0%). In conclusion, compared with medical therapy alone, utilization of CPAP in patients with OSA is not associated with improved cardiac outcomes except in patients who wore it for >4 hours.