Endoscopy
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Bispectral index monitoring of midazolam and propofol sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a randomized clinical trial (the EndoBIS study).
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring provides a non-invasive measure of the level of sedation. The purpose of this randomized, single-blind clinical trial was to evaluate whether BIS monitoring of sedation would lead to improved oxygenation and a reduced rate of cardiopulmonary complications during endoscopy. ⋯ The use of additional BIS monitoring did not lead to improved oxygenation or a reduced rate of cardiopulmonary complications. Recovery times after the procedure were shorter than with standard monitoring alone, but the clinical benefit for daily practice may be limited.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Moderate sedation for elective upper endoscopy with balanced propofol versus fentanyl and midazolam alone: a randomized clinical trial.
Balanced propofol sedation (BPS) combines propofol with opiates and benzodiazepines and targets at moderate sedation. Data comparing outcomes of BPS and standard sedation with opiates and benzodiazepines during elective esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) are sparse. The primary end point of this study was to compare, in the recovery area, patient satisfaction with EGD following BPS versus standard sedation. ⋯ BPS targeted to moderate sedation by adequately trained endoscopists results in superior patient satisfaction and shorter recovery times than standard sedation alone during EGD.