Immunotherapy
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Risk of endocrine adverse events in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the overall incidence and risk of endocrine complications in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors. ⋯ Treatment with PD-1 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but not for hypophysitis.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Risk of endocrine adverse events in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the overall incidence and risk of endocrine complications in cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors. ⋯ Treatment with PD-1 inhibitors is associated with an increased risk of developing hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but not for hypophysitis.
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Immunotherapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy with a promising clinical outcome in some solid tumors, particularly metastatic melanoma. One approach to immunotherapy is immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as blockage of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. ⋯ Criticism and perspective of this treatment are also discussed. Biological and clinical considerations rule out the use of tremelimumab as single agent for MM and, more generally, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for MM is still largely questionable and not supported by evidences.
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Review Case Reports
Blinatumomab-induced donor T-cell activation for post-stem cell transplant-relapsed acute CD19-positive biphenotypic leukemia.
Post-stem cell transplantation (SCT) relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has extremely poor prognosis with median survival of less than 1 year. Donor lymphocyte infusion, second transplantation, chemotherapy or cytokine treatment have been tried as a salvage regimen without significant clinical benefit. ⋯ Literature on blinatumomab use in biphenotypic ALL along with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph(+)) ALL is limited. We report a case of post-SCT relapsed CD19 expressing biphenotypic lymphoblastic leukemia patient who achieved complete remission after blinatumomab treatment and has lasting remission for 1 year.
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The next decade in cancer therapy will be marked by the expansion of immunotherapies, namely immune checkpoint inhibitors. The increasing number and combination of checkpoint inhibitors and the variety of their mechanisms of action and indications will most likely multiply the side effects associated with these therapies and make their management more complicated and diversified. Given the growing rate of approval of different checkpoint inhibitors in different cancers in multiple settings, a review summarizing the major side effects of the new agents in use today and their management seems to be appropriate. Highlighting these adverse events and their management in a single review might help the daily practice of the physicians and consequently contribute the patient's safety and quality of life.