Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 1993
Detection of enteroviral RNA by polymerase chain reaction in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with aseptic meningitis.
An assay based on a 2-step (semi-nested) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was developed and evaluated for detection of enterovirus-specific RNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with aseptic meningitis of different etiology. The limit of detectability of enteroviral RNA was equivalent to about 0.25 tissue culture infective doses 50%. In samples, stored at -70 degrees C, analyzed without repeated thawing, enteroviral RNA was demonstrable in 21/22 CSF specimens from which an enterovirus had been isolated. ⋯ The specificity appeared to be high, since all of 21 patients with non-enteroviral diagnoses were negative by the PCR test, except 1 with an Epstein-Barr virus infection. As serological evidence of enteroviral etiology was found in this patient, a dual infection seemed probable. This study indicates that enteroviral RNA can be detected in CSF by a 2-step PCR in meningitis caused by enterovirus and that the technique has the potential to become a screening method for routine diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 1993
Multicenter Study Comparative StudyPlasmapheresis in the treatment of primary septic shock in humans.
14 patients (mean age 25.5 yrs) with life-threatening primary septic shock were eligible for treatment with acute plasmapheresis in a prospective study. They had a short history of sepsis and had no severe underlying disease. 10/14 patients had systemic meningococcal disease. All patients were severely ill with a mean APACHE II score of 25.0. 12/14 patients were treated with plasmapheresis exchanging 1 plasma volume within hours of admission. 11/14 patients survived without major sequelae and 3 (21%) died of irreversible septic shock. ⋯ A subgroup of plasmapheresis-treated patients with septic shock and extensive petechiae were compared to a historical control group. The mortality in the treatment group was 1/7 (14%) versus 8/21 (38%) in the control group. We conclude that acute plasmapheresis may be a therapeutic option in the early stages of severe primary non-surgical septic shock.
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Two 'imported' cases of relapsing fever after a trip through Senegal are described. Two women developed a tick-borne relapsing fever after having slept outdoors on a terrace in Zinguichor, Senegal. The first patient was rapidly cured after a course of doxycycline. ⋯ After treatment with doxycycline she developed a Jarish-Herxheimer reaction. Treatment with doxycycline was continued and finally all symptoms disappeared within 36 hours after starting this treatment. A diagnosis of relapsing fever should be considered in all patients returning from the tropics with recurrent fever, especially if no malaria parasites are found.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 1992
Review Case ReportsNail pigmentation associated with zidovudine: a review and report of a case.
Zidovudine has become the standard therapy for patients with AIDS and for asymptomatic HIV infected patients with low helper-T-cell levels. As experience with the drug has grown, knowledge of the range of side effects has increased. We describe progressive pigmentation of finger and toe nails in a white patient due to zidovudine therapy, a phenomenon not often described. ⋯ It appears to be reversible and relatively dose dependent. The mechanism responsible for the discoloration is unknown. It is important to alert patients to this side effect and to prevent unnecessary investigations and treatment for other diagnoses, such as cyanosis.
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Scand. J. Infect. Dis. · Jan 1992
Case ReportsLong-term oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is refractory to medical treatment alone and early valve replacement is necessary. We describe a 40-year-old patient in whom endocarditis developed in the early postoperative period, and reoperation was not considered feasible. Ciprofloxacin was administered orally in order to suppress bacteremia for 36 months. Long-term oral ciprofloxacin may provide an opportunity in the treatment of prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by Ps. aeruginosa in patients who are unfavorable candidates for reoperation.