Injury
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Percutaneous fixation of pelvic and acetabular fractures are technically demanding procedures, and high rates of screw misplacement and potential neurovascular complications have been reported. One hundred and sixty two screws from a prospectively collected database were analysed to evaluate the accuracy of a fluoroscopically assisted computer navigated technique to insert a cannulated screw to treat pelvic and acetabular fractures. Actual screw position and trajectory with the intraoperative surgical plan stored in the navigation computer. ⋯ Post operative CT analysis of patients showed 10 screws perforated cortical bone. Our results show that the use of computer navigation can aid in the accurate placement of percutaneous screws along a predefined plan. It is still possible to incorrectly place a screw and great care needs to be taken with the surgical plan and also to understand the complex anatomy of the bony pelvis.
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Difficult removal of locking plates including less invasive stabilisation systems (LISSs) and locking compression plates (LCPs) sometimes occur. However, investigations of the mechanisms and correlated factors of complicated removal remain scant. This study aims to identify correlated factors for the difficult removal of locking plates and to propose suggestions for decision making regarding implant removal and the prevention of complicated removal. ⋯ Complications occur with LCP/LISS removal, and it should not be a routine procedure. If removal is indicated, performing surgery as soon as radiographs show fracture healing is recommended. Different considerations should apply when making decisions and removing implants from patients with different fracture sites.
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Comparative Study
The selective conservative management of penetrating thoracic trauma is still appropriate in the current era.
Traumatic pleural collections secondary to penetrating chest trauma are generally managed by intercostal chest drainage (ICD), but these protocols were developed a few decades ago when stabs (SWs) predominated over gunshot wounds (GSWs). This study reviews the outcome of a selective conservative approach to penetrating thoracic trauma to establish if it is still appropriate in the current era. ⋯ SWs continue to predominate over GSWs. PTXs were more commonly associated with SWs, whilst HPTX are more commonly associated with GSWs. A policy of selective conservatism is still applicable to the management of traumatic pleural collections.
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Elderly patients with a hip fracture represent a large proportion of the trauma population; however, little is known about outcome differences between different levels of trauma care for these patients. The aim of this study is to analyse the outcome of trauma care in patients with a hip fracture within our inclusive trauma system. ⋯ The clinical pathway and the large volume of patients at the level II centre resulted in earlier surgical intervention, lower overall complication and mortality rate, and a shorter length of stay. Therefore, the elderly patient with a hip fracture should ideally be treated in the large-volume level II hospital with a pre-established clinical pathway. However, complex patients requiring specific care that can only be provided at the level I trauma centre may be treated there with similar operative results.
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This article proposes a counter-argument to standard Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) training--which advocates bladder catheterisation to be performed as an adjunct to the primary survey and resuscitation for early decompression of the bladder and urine output monitoring. We argue the case for delaying bladder catheterisation until after definitive truncal Computed Tomography (CT) imaging. To reduce pelvic volume and associated bleeding, our trauma team delay catheter insertion until after the initial CT scan. ⋯ Venous, arterial and medullary injuries with associated bleeding may be potentiated by an increased pelvic volume with ring disruption, as well as a reduced pressure effect from retroperitoneal and intra-pelvic organs on bleeding sites. Various techniques are used to reduce intra-pelvic bleeding. For shocked patients who have sustained major pelvic injuries with no other signs of urinary tract trauma and minimal urine in the bladder on initial FAST scan, we advocate careful, aseptic Foley catheter insertion followed by bladder insufflation with 500-600 mL of Normal Saline (NS) and subsequent catheter clamping to tamponade pelvic bleeding.