Injury
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The objective of this study was to define a safe zone for antegrade lag screw fixation of fracture of posterior column of the acetabulum using a novel 3D technology. Pelvic CT data of 59 human subjects were obtained to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) models. The transparency of 3D models was then downgraded along the axial perspective (the view perpendicular to the cross section of the posterior column axis) to find the largest translucent area. ⋯ The resultant line segments OA, AB, OC, CD, and angles OAB and OCD were 28.46mm(13.15-44.97mm), 45.89mm (34.21-62.85mm), 36.34mm (18.68-55.56mm), 53.08mm (38.72-75.79mm), 37.44° (24.32-54.96°) and 55.78° (43.97-79.35°) respectively. This study demonstrates that computer-assisted 3D modelling techniques can aid in the precise definition of the safe zone for antegrade insertion of posterior column lag screws. A full-length lag screw can be inserted into the zone (ABDC), permitting a larger operational error.
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Deltoid ligament insufficiency can cause arthritic changes with various symptoms in the ankle joint. However, reconstruction procedures of the medial collateral and deltoid ligaments have drawn less attention than those of the lateral ankle ligaments. Few techniques for reconstructing deltoid ligaments are available, and those that are can be complex. ⋯ With this method, the tibionavicular and tibiocalcaneal ligaments can be reconstructed efficiently and easily.
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The present study investigated the effects of induced hypertension on hippocampal cell death after forebrain ischaemia in rats. ⋯ Induced hypertension significantly attenuated necrotic cell death in the hippocampal CA1 area, but apoptotic cell death was not affected.
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In Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS©) courses, multiple choice question (MCQ) tests are used to assess student's post course knowledge. As part of the ninth Edition Revision Process, existing MCQ tests were reviewed and revised by an International MCQ Revision group. The aim of this study was to evaluate the revision procedure and its effects. ⋯ ATLS tests were revised and updated using current evidence based guidelines and psychometric analysis. Difficulty of the tests was not initially beta-tested on students. Increasing test item discrimination and quality resulted in lower test scores by students.
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The incidence of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) in association with displaced ankle fractures has only been examined in two previous studies. In both studies magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed prior to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Because MRI may overdiagnose or overestimate the extent of OCLs in an acute trauma setting the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of OCLs after ORIF of displaced ankle fractures using MRI at medium-term follow-up, and to analyse if the severity of fracture or the clinical outcome correlates with the incidence of OCLs. ⋯ OCLs were frequently found in association with acute ankle fractures at medium-term follow-up, and the severity of fracture was associated with an increased number of OCLs. Considering the disadvantages of MRI including the high cost and limited availability, the results of this study may help to explain why anatomic surgical realignment of displaced ankle fractures may still be associated with poor clinical outcomes.