Injury
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Safety and efficacy of perioperative tranexamic acid infusion in acetabular fracture fixation: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind prospective study.
Open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fracture is associated with significant blood loss. Although Tranexamic acid (TXA) infusion effectively reduces perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in elective orthopedic surgery, its efficacy in major orthopedic trauma surgery is controversial. ⋯ There is no significant reduction in blood loss and blood transfusion with the use of intravenous Tranexamic acid in open reduction and internal fixation of acetabular fractures.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Functional and radiological outcomes of primary ring fixator versus antibiotic nail in open tibial diaphyseal fractures: A prospective study.
Management of open fractures of tibia is still a matter of debate due to high incidence of infections. Traditionally external fixators have been advocated in managing open tibial fractures. Due to limited efficacy of systemic antibiotics, recently antibiotic coated intramedullary interlocking nails have been developed for the management of open tibia fractures. Therefore, we conducted this prospective randomized study to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of primary ring fixator versus antibiotic coated nail in open diaphyseal tibial fractures. ⋯ Level II.
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Observational Study
Malnutrition diagnosed by the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria as a predictor of gait ability in patients with hip fracture.
Malnutrition is common in patients with hip fractures and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) criteria are widely used to diagnose malnutrition. However, the criteria regarding the prediction of gait ability in patients with hip fractures during the acute phase remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether GLIM or ESPEN criteria were more appropriate for predicting gait ability at discharge from an acute hospital. ⋯ GLIM criteria are useful for predicting gait ability at discharge during acute hospitalization in patients with hip fractures.
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Interpersonal violent injury is a public health crisis, disproportionately affecting young people of color. We aimed to evaluate associations between sociobehavioral predictors and first-time violent injury, and to develop a predictive risk score for violent injury. ⋯ We developed a promising clinical prediction instrument, the IVI-RPT, that categorizes individuals into risk groups with increasing probabilities of violent injury. External validation of this tool is required prior to clinical practice implementation.
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Femur shaft fractures (FSF) are perceived as potentially life-threatening injuries due to significant blood loss. However, these injuries are rarely the sole cause of hemorrhagic shock. Clinical practice guidelines for the prehospital management of FSF are inconsistent, especially concerning the use and timing of traction splinting which is postulated to reduce bleeding. We sought to understand the association between FSF and shock, and identify risk factors for shock among casualties with FSF. ⋯ Shock rarely presents when FSF is the primary injury. Such casualties predominantly suffer from open FSF which may present as difficult to control thigh bleeding. Our findings do not support urgent prehospital leg traction splinting which may result in delayed evacuation to definitive care. Casualties with shock and FSF should be investigated for other sources of bleeding. Leg traction splinting should be reserved for suspected FSF injuries with shock or persistent thigh bleeding.