Chest
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Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The acute effects of water-pipe smoking on the cardiorespiratory system.
There are limited data on the acute effects of water-pipe tobacco smoking, commonly known as water-pipe smoking (WPS), on cardiopulmonary parameters. This study evaluated the acute effects of a single 30-min session of WPS on carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels, pulmonary function test results, vital signs, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) levels, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokine levels in volunteers in a domestic, open-air, group smoking setting. ⋯ This study shows that one session of WPS causes acute biologic changes that might result in marked health problems. It adds to the limited evidence that WPS is harmful and supports interventions to control the continuing global spread of WPS, especially among youth.
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Comparative Study
Does home sleep testing impair continuous positive airway pressure adherence in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?
The increasing recognition of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and demand for polysomnography has created a need for home sleep testing (HST) using unattended diagnostic and titration studies. Although these studies increase access to care and reduce cost, the limited interaction with sleep laboratories may negatively affect positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence. We sought to determine the difference in PAP use between HST and traditional in-laboratory studies. ⋯ PAP usage did not differ between those undergoing HST vs in-laboratory studies. HST offers a more accessible and cost-effective alternative without compromising therapeutic adherence.
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Comparative Study
Poor prognostic factors in patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer according to the seventh edition TNM classification.
This study investigated poor prognostic factors in patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) according to the seventh edition of the TNM classification. ⋯ We identified the presence of intratumoral vascular invasion and the presence of visceral pleural invasion as independent poor prognostic factors in patients with stage IB NSCLC. When these two factors are combined, higher- and lower-risk subgroups can be identified, which will help to personalize adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Comparative Study
Mechanical ventilation-induced oxidative stress in the diaphragm: role of heme oxygenase-1.
Prolonged mechanical ventilation (MV) results in a rapid onset of diaphragmatic atrophy that is primarily due to increased proteolysis. Although MV-induced protease activation can involve several factors, it is clear that oxidative stress is a required signal for protease activation in the diaphragm during prolonged MV. However, the oxidant-producing pathways in the diaphragm that contribute to MV-induced oxidative stress remain unknown. We have demonstrated that prolonged MV results in increased diaphragmatic expression of a key stress-sensitive enzyme, heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Paradoxically, HO-1 can function as either a pro-oxidant or an antioxidant, and the role that HO-1 plays in MV-induced diaphragmatic oxidative stress is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that HO-1 acts as a pro-oxidant in the diaphragm during prolonged MV. ⋯ Our results indicate that HO-1 is neither a pro-oxidant nor an antioxidant in the diaphragm during MV. Furthermore, our findings reveal that HO-1 does not play an important role in MV-induced protease activation and diaphragmatic atrophy.
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Sleep science has been a vigorously evolving field over the past 60 years, and the practice of sleep medicine has become increasingly complex with a growing number of tests and treatments. This article briefly traces the history of the field of sleep science over the past three millennia. The foundations of sleep medicine can be traced back to ancient civilizations around the globe. Many philosophers, scientists, and researchers have espoused theories about the causes of sleep throughout the centuries, theories that have become more intricate as our understanding of medicine and neurobiology has continued to advance.