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VTE is a serious, but decreasing complication following major orthopedic surgery. This guideline focuses on optimal prophylaxis to reduce postoperative pulmonary embolism and DVT. ⋯ Optimal strategies for thromboprophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery include pharmacologic and mechanical approaches.
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This guideline focuses on long-term administration of antithrombotic drugs designed for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, including two new antiplatelet therapies. ⋯ Recommendations continue to favor single antiplatelet therapy for patients with established coronary artery disease. For patients with acute coronary syndromes or undergoing elective PCI with stent placement, dual antiplatelet therapy for up to 1 year is warranted.
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Antithrombotic therapy in valvular disease is important to mitigate thromboembolism, but the hemorrhagic risk imposed must be considered. ⋯ These antithrombotic guidelines provide recommendations based on the optimal balance of thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk.
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The aims of this study were to determine which tests of exercise capacity relate to average daily energy expenditure (DEE) and to quantify aerobic reserve during daily life in people with COPD. ⋯ Both 6MWD and ISWD, but not VO(2) peak, were related to DEE. Because activities of daily living were performed at a high percentage of VO(2) peak, it may be more realistic to optimize habitual DEE in COPD by increasing the frequency or duration rather than the intensity of physical activity.
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This guideline addresses the management of patients who are receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy and require an elective surgery or procedure. ⋯ Perioperative antithrombotic management is based on risk assessment for thromboembolism and bleeding, and recommended approaches aim to simplify patient management and minimize adverse clinical outcomes.