Chest
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CPAP effectiveness is limited by suboptimal adherence. Prior studies of adherence have focused on middle-aged men. ⋯ CPAP adherence rates vary substantially by demographics, with 18- to 30-year-old women having the lowest adherence. The pattern of use over the first 90 days also varies substantially by age and sex. Further research to understand and address the causes of disparities will be crucial to maximizing the benefits of CPAP therapy.
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Aspiration community-acquired pneumonia (ACAP) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in patients with aspiration risk factors (AspRFs) are infections associated with anaerobes, but limited evidence suggests their pathogenic role. ⋯ Hospitalized patients with ACAP or CAP/AspRF+ had similar anaerobic flora compared with patients without aspiration risk factors. Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent in patients with severe ACAP. Despite having similar microbiological flora between groups, a large proportion of CAP patients received anti-anaerobic antibiotic coverage.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A behaviour change intervention aimed at increasing physical activity improves clinical control in adults with asthma: a randomised controlled trial.
Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with better asthma clinical control. ⋯ ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT03705702; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
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Traditional methods for cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pose risks to both patients and examiners. This necessitates a remote examination of such patients without sacrificing information quality. ⋯ Use of the 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system is feasible and effectively obtains ultrasound characteristics for cardiopulmonary assessment of patients with COVID-19. By following established protocols and considering medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory markers, this system might help to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 remotely.
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Leptin is a pleotropic hormone known to regulate a wide range of systemic functions, from satiety to inflammation. Increasing evidence has shown that leptin and its receptor (ObR) are not only expressed in adipose tissue but also in several organs, including the lungs. ⋯ The leptin-signaling pathway is also involved in immune modulation and cell proliferation, and its dysregulation can lead to the onset of lung diseases. This review article addresses the thousand faces of leptin and its signaling in the lungs under physiological conditions and in disease.