Chest
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Efzofitimod for the treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by the accumulation of immune cells that form granulomas affecting the lungs. Efzofitimod (ATYR1923), a novel immunomodulator, selectively binds neuropilin 2, which is upregulated on immune cells in response to lung inflammation. ⋯ Efzofitimod was safe and well tolerated and was associated with dose-dependent improvements of several clinically relevant end points compared with placebo. The results of this study support further evaluation of efzofitimod in pulmonary sarcoidosis.
-
OSA has been linked to microaspiration, systemic inflammation, and suboptimal immune function. ⋯ Severe OSA was associated with increased risk of hospitalizations with pneumonia in this community-based cohort. OSA patients may benefit from more aggressive efforts to prevent pneumonia and other infectious conditions.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Tranexamic acid versus adrenaline for controlling iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy (TAVA): a double blind, randomized control trial.
The most commonly used topical hemostatic agents during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) are cold saline and adrenaline. Data on use of other agents such as tranexamic acid (TXA) for this purpose are limited. ⋯ We found no significant difference between adrenaline and TXA for controlling noncatastrophic iatrogenic endobronchial bleeding after cold saline failure, adding to the body of evidence that TXA can be used safely and effectively during FB.
-
Researchers have yet to obtain conclusive evidence differentiating among fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) of long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) for COPD in terms of real-world clinical outcomes. ⋯ Our results revealed that the risk of severe AE was lower among patients with COPD receiving UMEC/VI or GLY/IND than among those receiving TIO/OLO, whereas the incidence of cardiovascular events was similar across groups but was slightly lower in GLY/IND users when compared with TIO/OLO users. Further research will be required to confirm these findings.
-
Deficiencies in risk assessment for patients with pulmonary nodules (PNs) contribute to unnecessary invasive testing and delays in diagnosis. ⋯ The RRM accurately reclassified some patients into low-risk and very high-risk categories, suggesting the potential to improve PN risk assessment.