Chest
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Artificial Intelligence improves novices' bronchoscopy performance - a randomized controlled trial in a simulated setting.
Navigating through the bronchial tree and visualizing all bronchial segments is the initial step toward learning flexible bronchoscopy. A novel bronchial segment identification system based on artificial intelligence (AI) has been developed to help guide trainees toward more effective training. ⋯ Training guided by this novel AI makes novices perform more complete, more systematic, and faster bronchoscopies. Future studies should examine its use in a clinical setting and its effects on more advanced learners.
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The early life origins of chronic pulmonary diseases are thought to arise in peripheral small airways. Predictors of ventilation inhomogeneity, a proxy of peripheral airway function, are understudied in schoolchildren. ⋯ The DTG-SBW is feasible in a pediatric field study setting. On the population level, age, body composition, and wheeze are independent predictors of peripheral airway function in unselected schoolchildren. The variation of the DTG-SBW possibly constrains its current applicability on the individual level.
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Although racial and ethnic differences in CPAP adherence for OSA are widely established, no studies have examined the influence of perceived racial discrimination on CPAP usage, to our knowledge. ⋯ Adults with OSA who encountered racial discrimination experienced greater decrement in CPAP usage than those who did not experience racial discrimination.
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This study investigated the impact of epidemiologic and sociodemographic changes in tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer associated with residential radon, solid fuels, and particulate matter. ⋯ The disease burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer attributed to the three pollutants was influenced by SDI, sex, and age. Older men are more susceptible to be affected. More preventive interventions may be required for men at younger ages to reduce the high death burden of older men. However, it is necessary to give due attention to women in specific countries in the future.
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The lung allocation score (LAS) is a tool used to prioritize patients for lung transplantation. For patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), spirometry data are used for the LAS calculation. Spirometry values such as a FVC are subjected to race-specific equations that determine expected values. The effect of race-specific equations in LAS score remains unknown. ⋯ Race-specific equations led to longer wait times in Black patients listed for lung transplantation. The use of race-based equations widened already known disparities in pulmonary transplantation.