Chest
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It is often stated that the lifetime risk of developing active TB after an index infection is 5% to 10%, one-half of which accrues in the 2 to 5 years following infection. The goal of this study was to determine whether such estimates are consistent with local programmatic data. ⋯ The risk of active TB following infection is several-fold higher than traditionally accepted estimates, and it is particularly high immediately following infection and in children.
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Review Meta Analysis
Short Term Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Increases Hospitalizations and Mortality of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Many epidemiologic studies have documented variable relationships between ambient particulate matter (PM) and COPD hospitalizations and mortality in cities worldwide. ⋯ Our combined analysis indicated that short-term exposure to a 10-μg/m(3) increment of ambient PM2.5 is associated with increased COPD hospitalizations and mortality. Further study is needed to elucidate to what extent this relationship is causal, together with other factors, and to elucidate the mechanism by which PM2.5 induces activation of cellular processes promoting COPD exacerbations.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Clinical characteristics and outcomes in extreme elderly (age ≥85) Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: The Fushimi AF Registry.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is increasingly prevalent with age, and increasing age is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy use in the extreme elderly (aged ≥ 85 years) is challenging. ⋯ In the present community-based prospective cohort, Japanese extreme elderly patients with AF had a higher incidence of stroke but similar major bleeding risks compared with the younger AF population.