Chest
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study.
The aim of this prospective, multicenter study was to define the accuracy of lung ultrasound (LUS) in the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). ⋯ LUS is a noninvasive, usually available tool used for high-accuracy diagnosis of CAP. This is especially important if radiography is not available or applicable. About 8% of pneumonic lesions are not detectable by LUS; therefore, an inconspicuous LUS does not exclude pneumonia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Response to add-on inhaled corticosteroids in COPD based on airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol.
The use of inhaled corticosteroids in mild to moderate COPD is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine whether airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol might identify patients who are likely to respond to add-on inhaled corticosteroids. ⋯ In subjects with mild to moderate COPD and airway hyperresponsiveness to mannitol, quality of life and airway responsiveness improved after treatment with inhaled corticosteroids added to long-acting bronchodilator therapy.
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Comparative Study
Effects of commercial air travel on patients with pulmonary hypertension air travel and pulmonary hypertension.
Limited data are available on the effects of air travel in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH), despite their risk of physiologic compromise. We sought to quantify the incidence and severity of hypoxemia experienced by people with PH during commercial air travel. ⋯ Hypoxemia is common among people with PH traveling by air, occurring in one in four people studied. Hypoxemia was associated with lower cabin pressures, ambulation during flight, and longer flight duration. Patients with PH who will be traveling on flights of longer duration or who have a history of oxygen use, including nocturnal use only, should be evaluated for supplemental in-flight oxygen.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Complete unilateral vs partial bilateral endoscopic lung volume reduction in patients with bilateral lung emphysema.
Intrabronchial valve placement for endoscopic lung volume reduction is used for patients with severe lung emphysema. Different treatment approaches are unilateral valve placement with the goal of complete occlusion and subsequent atelectasis leading to true volume reduction vs bilateral partial closure aiming for redistribution of ventilation but avoiding atelectasis. In this prospective pilot trial, we compared the efficacy of these treatment approaches. ⋯ Unilateral intrabronchial valve placement with complete occlusion appears superior to bilateral partial occlusion.
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Comparative Study
Secondhand smoke exposure predicted COPD and other tobacco-related mortality in a 17-year cohort study in China.
Prospective evidence on the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and COPD and ischemic stroke is scarce. ⋯ This study shows dose-response relationships between SHS and major tobacco-related mortality and provides new evidence to support causation for COPD and ischemic stroke.