Chest
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Case Reports
Diagnosis of pneumothorax by ultrasound immediately after ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy.
We report two cases of pneumothorax detected by echographic examination immediately after ultrasonically guided aspiration biopsy and confirmed by chest x-ray film. The pneumothorax was characterized by the disappearance of the lung tumor. In the real-time image, the respiratory excursions of the visceral pleura also disappeared.
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Methacholine inhalation challenge has become an accepted test to determine the presence of airway hyperresponsiveness, a hallmark of asthma. To help physicians interpret the results of a methacholine challenge test in a clinical setting, we analyzed the test data of 1,105 subjects, asthmatics and nonasthmatics. ⋯ The resulting curves represent different levels of cumulative breath units at which a methacholine challenge can be considered positive. The results of a methacholine challenge test, in association with a physician's clinical assessment, can be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of asthma in those patients with an atypical history and/or physical examination.
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Comparative Study
The senile lung. Comparison with normal and emphysematous lungs. 2. Functional aspects.
Senile lungs are characterized by a homogeneous enlargement of the alveolar airspaces, without fibrosis or destruction of their walls. Study of the functional characteristics of excisea senile lungs showed an increase in minimal air and a shift to the left of the elastic recoil pressure-volume curves, less pronounced than in emphysematous lungs. Maximal expiratory volumes and flows were normal. ⋯ Comparison of normal, senile, and emphysematous lungs showed a close relationship between recoil pressures and mean linear intercept, Lm, and between forced expiratory volume in 1 s and diameter and density of the membranous bronchioles. It is concluded that airspace enlargement may precede emphysema and may be responsible for changes in lung elasticity. In this respect, senile lungs are an example of the functional changes caused by an isolated airspace enlargement.