Brain connectivity
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Multicenter Study
Abnormal Coupling Between Default Mode Network and Delta and Beta Band Brain Electric Activity in Psychotic Patients.
Common-phase synchronization of neuronal oscillations is a mechanism by which distributed brain regions can be integrated into transiently stable networks. Based on the hypothesis that schizophrenia is characterized by deficits in functional integration within neuronal networks, this study aimed to explore whether psychotic patients exhibit differences in brain regions involved in integrative mechanisms. We report an electroencephalography (EEG)-informed functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis of eyes-open resting-state data collected from patients and healthy controls at two study sites. ⋯ Several brain clusters appeared to be coupled to GFS differently in patients and controls. Activation in brain areas belonging to the default mode network was negatively associated to GFS delta (1-3.5 Hz) and positively to GFS beta (13-30 Hz) bands in patients, whereas controls showed an opposite pattern for both GFS frequency bands in those regions; activation in the extrastriate visual cortex was inversely related to GFS alpha1 (8.5-10.5 Hz) band in healthy controls, while patients had a tendency toward a positive relationship. Taken together, the GFS measure might be useful for detecting additional aspects of deficient functional network integration in psychosis.
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Individuals with nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP) show an impaired sensorimotor control. They need significantly more time to perform five consecutive sit-to-stand-to-sit (STSTS) movements compared with healthy controls. Optimal sensorimotor control depends on the coactivation of many brain regions, which have to operate as a coordinated network to achieve correct motor output. ⋯ However, local efficiency was significantly decreased in the patients with NSLBP compared with controls (p < 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR] corrected). Moreover, global efficiency was significantly correlated with the sensorimotor task performance within the NSLBP group (r = -0.73, p = 0.002). Our data show disrupted network organization of white matter networks in patients with NSLBP, which may contribute to their persistent pain and sensorimotor disabilities.
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To evaluate the influence of poststroke aphasia on the functional association of widespread large-scale neuronal networks, we analyzed functional connectivity (FC) between resting-state brain networks (RSNs) in aphasic patients (N = 15) and in healthy volunteers (N = 17) of the same age using resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, six RSNs were isolated and cross-correlation matrices were computed for their time courses. Aphasic patients showed decreased correlations between posterior part of the default mode (pDMN) and both auditory (AUD) and right frontoparietal (RFP) networks. ⋯ The increase of gray and white matter volume in the right supramarginal gyrus, the functional hub of pDMN, AUD, and RFP networks, correlated with less speech impairment. This increase might reflect a right hemisphere neuroplasticity process to compensate the impaired function of the homotopic region of left frontoparietal network (LFP), pDMN, and AUD in the left hemisphere. The presented results contribute to the hypothesized compensative role of the transfer of attention and executive functions from the damaged areas in the left hemisphere to the right homotopic areas, accompanied by more preserved language skills at the chronic stroke stage.
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To examine the functional connectivity of the primary and supplementary motor areas (SMA) in glioma patients using resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI). To correlate rfMRI data with tumor characteristics and clinical information to characterize functional reorganization of resting-state networks (RSN) and the limitations of this method. This study was IRB approved and in compliance with Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. ⋯ Global reduction in resting-state connectivity in areas distal to tumor suggests that radiological tumor boundaries underestimate areas affected by glioma. Association between motor deficits and rfMRI suggests that rfMRI may accurately reflect functional changes in low-grade gliomas. Lack of association between rfMRI and clinical motor deficits implies decreased sensitivity of rfMRI in high-grade gliomas, possibly due to neurovascular uncoupling.
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by core sociocommunicative impairments. Atypical intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) has been reported in numerous studies of ASD. A majority of findings has indicated long-distance underconnectivity. ⋯ Our study is the first to identify temporal variability across time as a significant contributing factor to the common finding of static underconnectivity in ASD. Since peak connectivity across time was not significantly reduced in ASD, static underconnectivity findings may have to be reinterpreted, suggesting that connections are not actually "broken" in ASD, but subject to greater intra-individual variability across time. Our findings indicate the need for dynamic approaches to iFC in clinical functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) investigations.