The journal of trauma and acute care surgery
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyTargeting the lateral but not the third ventricle induces bone loss in ewe: an experimental approach to generate an improved large animal model of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by bone loss and increased skeletal fragility. Large animal models are required for preclinical testing of new therapeutic approaches. We have recently demonstrated that continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) application of leptin into the lateral ventricle (LV) induces bone loss in ewe. On the basis of these findings, we reasoned that the third ventricle (TV) is an even better target because of its closer location to the hypothalamus that mediates leptin effects on bone. ⋯ ICV application of leptin into the LV strongly reduces bone formation and leads to a highly significant trabecular bone loss in ewe. In contrast, ICV application of leptin into the TV is technically more demanding and results are unpredictable, because the required use of stainless steel cannula induces peri-implant fibrosis that might prevent leptin to enter the cerebrospinal fluid.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyAttenuating inflammation but stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis using hyperbaric oxygen in rats with traumatic brain injury.
Inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and gliosis are involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several studies provide evidence supporting the neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in TBI. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and gliosis during TBI are affected by HBO2 therapy. ⋯ Collectively, these results suggest that HBO2 therapy may improve outcomes of TBI in rats by inhibiting activated inflammation and gliosis while stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the early stage.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyPlatonin mitigates lung injury in a two-hit model of hemorrhage/resuscitation and endotoxemia in rats.
Traumatic hemorrhagic shock and subsequent resuscitation may promote bacteria translocation and cause endotoxemia, a two-hit process that will induce severe lung injury. The pathogenesis involves oxidative stress, neutrophil infiltration, and inflammatory response. Platonin, a potent antioxidant, possesses potent anti-inflammation capacity. We sought to elucidate whether platonin could mitigate acute lung injury in a two-hit model of traumatic hemorrhage/resuscitation and subsequent endotoxemia. ⋯ Platonin mitigates lung injury in a two-hit model of traumatic hemorrhage/resuscitation and endotoxemia in rats.