The journal of trauma and acute care surgery
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyTargeting the lateral but not the third ventricle induces bone loss in ewe: an experimental approach to generate an improved large animal model of osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a chronic disease characterized by bone loss and increased skeletal fragility. Large animal models are required for preclinical testing of new therapeutic approaches. We have recently demonstrated that continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) application of leptin into the lateral ventricle (LV) induces bone loss in ewe. On the basis of these findings, we reasoned that the third ventricle (TV) is an even better target because of its closer location to the hypothalamus that mediates leptin effects on bone. ⋯ ICV application of leptin into the LV strongly reduces bone formation and leads to a highly significant trabecular bone loss in ewe. In contrast, ICV application of leptin into the TV is technically more demanding and results are unpredictable, because the required use of stainless steel cannula induces peri-implant fibrosis that might prevent leptin to enter the cerebrospinal fluid.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyAttenuating inflammation but stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis using hyperbaric oxygen in rats with traumatic brain injury.
Inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and gliosis are involved in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Several studies provide evidence supporting the neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy in TBI. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether inflammation, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and gliosis during TBI are affected by HBO2 therapy. ⋯ Collectively, these results suggest that HBO2 therapy may improve outcomes of TBI in rats by inhibiting activated inflammation and gliosis while stimulating both angiogenesis and neurogenesis in the early stage.
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J Trauma Acute Care Surg · Mar 2012
Comparative StudyManagement of contaminated open fractures: a comparison of two types of irrigation in a porcine model.
Treatment of open fractures demands rapid intervention consisting of intravenous antibiotics, aggressive debridement, fracture immobilization, and soft tissue management including additional debridements and soft tissue coverage. Despite this approach, infection, particularly osteomyelitis, after open fracture continues to be a source of significant morbidity. Recent literature has provided several studies that performed clinical trials in superficial wounds. These investigations compared sterile solutions with tap water for wound decontamination. The results suggest that tap water washouts are cost-effective for these specific wounds. ⋯ There was no significant difference between the CFUs for the sterile and potable water (p = 0.201) for each bacterium (p = 0.871).