Stroke; a journal of cerebral circulation
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Norrin and its receptor Frizzled-4 have important roles in the blood-brain barrier development. This study is to investigate a potential role and mechanism of Norrin/Frizzled-4 on protecting blood-brain barrier integrity after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). ⋯ Norrin protected blood-brain barrier integrity and improved neurological outcome after SAH, and the action of Norrin appeared mediated by Frizzled-4 receptor activation, which promoted β-catenin nuclear translocation, which then enhanced Occludin, VE-Cadherin, and ZO-1 expression. Norrin might have potential to protect blood-brain barrier after SAH.
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Electroencephalographic recovery is predictive of outcome after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia, but it is unknown whether early changes in electroencephalographic can predict the response to therapeutic hypothermia in the preterm brain. ⋯ Recovery of higher electroencephalographic frequencies may be a biomarker of effective hypothermic neuroprotection in the preterm-equivalent brain.
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Following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) may promote neurogenesis that supports functional recovery. How HMGB1 regulates or participates in this process is unclear, as are the pattern recognition receptors and signaling pathways involved. ⋯ These findings suggest that HMGB1 acts via the receptor for advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway to promote neurogenesis in later phases of ICH.
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Ischemic stroke induces metabolic disarray. A central regulatory site, pyruvate dehydrogeanse complex (PDHC) sits at the cross-roads of 2 fundamental metabolic pathways: aerobic and anaerobic. In this study, we combined ethanol (EtOH) and normobaric oxygen (NBO) to develop a novel treatment to modulate PDHC and its regulatory proteins, namely pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, leading to improved metabolism and reduced oxidative damage. ⋯ Both EtOH and EtOH+NBO treatments conferred neuroprotection in severe stroke by affecting brain metabolism. The treatment may modulate the damaging cascade of metabolic events by bringing the PDHC activity back to normal metabolic levels.