JAMA surgery
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery or lifestyle with intensive medical management in patients with type 2 diabetes: feasibility and 1-year results of a randomized clinical trial.
Emerging data support bariatric surgery as a therapeutic strategy for management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. ⋯ In obese patients with type 2 diabetes, RYGB produces greater weight loss and sustained improvements in HbA1c and cardiometabolic risk factors compared with medical management, with emergent differences over 1 year. Both treatments improve general quality-of-life measures, but RYGB provides greater improvement in the effect of weight on quality of life. These differences may help inform therapeutic decisions for diabetes and weight loss strategies in obese patients with type 2 diabetes until larger randomized trials are performed.
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Comparative Study
Transfer rates and use of post-acute care after surgery at critical access vs non-critical access hospitals.
There is growing interest in the use of health care resources by critical access hospitals (CAHs), key providers of medical care for many rural populations. ⋯ Hospital transfers occur more often after surgical admissions at CAHs. However, the proportion of patients at CAHs using post-acute care is equal to or lower than that of patients treated in non-CAHs. These results will affect the ongoing debate concerning CAH payment policy and its implications for health care delivery in rural communities.
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Comparative Study
The effect of age on Glasgow Coma Scale score in patients with traumatic brain injury.
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used frequently to define the extent of neurologic injury in patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether age affects the predictive ability of the GCS for severity of TBI (determined by the Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS] score) remains unknown. ⋯ Age affects the relationship between the GCS score and anatomic TBI severity. Elderly TBI patients have better GCS scores than younger TBI patients with similar TBI severity. These findings have implications for TBI outcomes research and for protocols and research selection criteria that use the GCS.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Surgical vs medical treatments for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial.
Many questions remain unanswered about the role of bariatric surgery for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ⋯ This study highlights several potential challenges to successful completion of a larger RCT for treatment of T2DM and obesity in patients with a body mass index of 30 to 40, including the difficulties associated with recruiting and randomizing patients to surgical vs nonsurgical interventions. Preliminary results show that RYGB was the most effective treatment, followed by LAGB for weight loss and T2DM outcomes at 1 year.