Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialEpidural clonidine or sufentanil for intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.
This study contrasts the efficacy and side effects of epidural clonidine and sufentanil in the perioperative period. Using a randomized, prospective, double-blind study design, 40 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under propofol/nitrous oxide anesthesia were enrolled. Before anesthesia, an epidural catheter was inserted at the L1-L2 interspace. ⋯ Plasma clonidine and sufentanil concentrations were measured after 20 min and 6, 12, and 24 h. The number of reinjections of propofol (n = 1.6 +/- 1.6 in Group 1 vs 6.5 +/- 4.0 in Group 2) and of IV sufentanil (n = 0.6 +/- 0.8 in Group 1 vs 3.8 +/- 3.7 in Group 2) was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in the epidural clonidine group. In the early postoperative period, pain scores and rescue analgesic requirements were very low in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialRecovery and complications after tonsillectomy in children: a comparison of ketorolac and morphine.
Ninety-six children received morphine 0.1 mg/kg (n = 47) or ketorolac 1 mg/kg (n = 49) intravenously (IV) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind fashion, after tonsillectomy. Recovery variables and complications were recorded while subjects were in the hospital and parent(s) were contacted 24 h and 14 days after surgery. ⋯ Ketorolac subjects had more major bleeding (bleeding requiring intervention; 5/49 vs 0/47, one-tailed P = 0.03) and more bleeding episodes (0.22 episodes/subject vs 0.04 episodes/subject, P < 0.05) in the first 24 h after surgery, but no greater overall incidence of bleeding than the morphine subjects. In children having tonsillectomy, ketorolac, compared to morphine, reduced the number of emetic episodes after PACU discharge, but did not hasten awakening, readiness for PACU discharge or discharge home, and increased the likelihood of major bleeding in the first 24 h after surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialContinuous intravenous administration of ketorolac reduces pain and morphine consumption after total hip or knee arthroplasty.
The purpose of this study was to determine the analgesic efficacy, opioid-sparing effect, and tolerability of ketorolac administered as an intravenous (i.v.) bolus followed by a continuous infusion after total hip or knee arthroplasty. After general anesthesia, patients received either placebo or ketorolac 30 mg i.v. as a bolus over 15-30 s followed by a continuous i.v. infusion of ketorolac 5 mg/h for 24 h. All patients received patient-controlled i.v. morphine with no background infusion. ⋯ Patients receiving ketorolac reported were less sedated and required fewer antiemetics. There was no difference in blood loss. Patients receiving ketorolac reported better analgesia and used less morphine (35% for hips and 44% for knees) than those receiving placebo.
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Several characteristics of sevoflurane biotransformation are apparent from the preceding investigations. Metabolism is rapid, with fluoride and HFIP appearing in plasma within minutes after the start of sevoflurane administration (38-40,51). Peak plasma fluoride concentrations generally occur within approximately 1 h after the termination of sevoflurane administration in most patients, regardless of the dose or duration of exposure (ranging from 0.35-9.5 MAC-h) (39,48). ⋯ Although both sevoflurane and methoxyflurane may produce plasma fluoride concentrations in excess of 50 microM, they have not produced the same nephrotoxic effects. Clearly, anesthetic metabolism and anesthetic toxicity can no longer be considered synonymous. The introduction of sevoflurane into clinical practice will hopefully stimulate new investigations into biochemical mechanisms of anesthetic toxicity and continued clinical investigations regarding the relationship between anesthetic metabolism and organ toxicity.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Dec 1995
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPropofol blood concentration and the Bispectral Index predict suppression of learning during propofol/epidural anesthesia in volunteers.
Propofol is often used for sedation during regional anesthesia. We tested the hypothesis that propofol blood concentration, the Bispectral Index and the 95% spectral edge frequency predict suppression of learning during propofol/epidural anesthesia in volunteers. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that the Bispectral Index is linearly related to propofol blood concentration. ⋯ There was no significant correlation between the 95% spectral edge frequency and propofol concentration. In order to suppress learning, propofol blood concentrations reported to produce amnesia may be targeted. Alternatively, the Bispectral Index may be used to predict anesthetic effect during propofol sedation.