Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical TrialSingle-dose, sustained-release epidural morphine in the management of postoperative pain after elective cesarean delivery: results of a multicenter randomized controlled study.
In this multicenter, randomized, controlled study, we compared the analgesic efficacy and safety profile of a new single-dose extended-release epidural morphine (EREM) formulation (DepoDur) with that of epidural morphine sulfate for the management of postoperative pain for up to 48 h after elective cesarean delivery. ASA physical status I or II parturients (n = 75) were anesthetized with a combined spinal/epidural technique. Parturients received intrathecal bupivacaine 12-15 mg and fentanyl 10 mug for spinal anesthesia and a single epidural injection of either 5 mg of standard (conventional preservative-free) morphine or 5, 10, or 15 mg of extended-release morphine after cord clamping for postoperative pain control. ⋯ There were no significant differences between the two 5 mg (single-dose EREM and standard morphine) groups. Single-dose EREM was well tolerated, and most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity. Single-dose EREM is a potentially beneficial epidural analgesic for the management of post-cesarean delivery pain and has particular advantages over standard morphine for the period from 24 to 48 h after surgery.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialA comparison of sevoflurane-propofol versus sevoflurane or propofol for laryngeal mask airway insertion in adults.
In a prospective, randomized study, we investigated the incidence of successful insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) at the first attempt and the incidence of side effects after LMA insertion using the combination of sevoflurane and propofol as compared with either sevoflurane or propofol alone for induction of anesthesia. Eighty-three unpremedicated ASA physical status I-II patients were anesthetized with a single vital capacity breath (VCB) of sevoflurane 8% supplemented with IV propofol 1.5 mg/kg, a single VCB of sevoflurane 8%, or IV propofol 3 mg/kg. ⋯ However, this advantage of propofol was offset by a frequent incidence of pain on injection (69%) and the occurrence of movements during insertion of the LMA (50% in the propofol group versus 19% and 26% in the sevoflurane and sevoflurane-propofol groups, respectively; P < 0.05), as well as a more frequent incidence of apnea (84% in the propofol group versus 7% and 16% in the sevoflurane and sevoflurane-propofol groups, respectively; P < 0.001). The report shows that induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane-propofol combined provides a frequent incidence of successful LMA insertion at the first attempt that is associated with an infrequent incidence of apnea.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEpidural anesthesia for coronary artery bypass surgery compared with general anesthesia alone does not reduce biochemical markers of myocardial damage.
High thoracic epidural anesthesia/analgesia (HTEA) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery may have myocardial protective effects. In this prospective randomized controlled study, we investigated the effect of HTEA for elective CABG surgery on the release of troponin I, time to tracheal extubation, and analgesia. One-hundred-twenty patients were randomized to a general anesthesia (GA) group or a GA plus HTEA group. ⋯ Analgesia was improved in the HTEA group compared with the GA group. Mean arterial blood pressure poststernotomy and systemic vascular resistance in the intensive care unit were lower in the HTEA group. We conclude that HTEA for CABG surgery had no effect on troponin release but improved postoperative analgesia and was associated with a reduced time to extubation.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPeripheral nerve blocks result in superior recovery profile compared with general anesthesia in outpatient knee arthroscopy.
It has been suggested that use of peripheral nerve blocks (PNBs) may have some potential benefits in the outpatient setting. There have been no studies specifically comparing PNBs performed with short-acting local anesthetics with general anesthesia (GA) in patients undergoing outpatient knee surgery. We hypothesized that a combination of lumbar plexus and sciatic blocks using a short-acting local anesthetic will result in shorter time-to-discharge-home as compared with GA. ⋯ Seventy-two percent of patients receiving PNB met criteria enabling them to bypass Phase I postanesthesia care unit compared with only 24% of those receiving GA (P < 0.002). Time to meet criteria for discharge home (home readiness) and time to actual discharge were significantly shorter for patients given PNBs than for patients given GA (131 +/- 62 versus 205 +/- 94 and 162 +/- 71 versus 226 +/- 96, respectively). Under the conditions of our study, the combination of lumbar plexus and sciatic blocks with 2-chloroprocaine 3% was associated with a superior recovery profile compared with GA in patients having outpatient knee arthroscopy.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialClonidine added to a continuous interscalene ropivacaine perineural infusion to improve postoperative analgesia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
Although clonidine has been shown to increase the duration of local anesthetic action and prolong postoperative analgesia when included in single-injection nerve blocks, the only controlled investigation of the efficacy of this practice to improve analgesia for continuous perineural local anesthetic infusion failed to discern any clinically relevant benefits. For this study, we used a larger dose of clonidine in an attempt to improve analgesia. Patients (n = 20) undergoing moderately painful orthopedic surgery of the shoulder received an interscalene brachial plexus block (40 mL of mepivacaine 1.5%, epinephrine 2.5 microg/mL, and clonidine 50 microg) and a perineural catheter before surgery. ⋯ There were no statistically significant differences between groups for any of the variables investigated. We conclude that adding clonidine 2 microg/mL to a ropivacaine interscalene perineural infusion does not decrease breakthrough pain intensity the day after surgery. For the additional end-points, our negative findings are only suggestive of a lack of effect and require further study for verification.