Anesthesia and analgesia
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe effects of intravenous lidocaine on pain during injection of medium- and long-chain triglyceride propofol emulsions.
Propofol formulated in medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MCT/LCT) is thought to cause less pain on injection. In this study we sought to determine if adding lidocaine to propofol-MCT/LCT is more effective in decreasing pain compared with propofol-MCT/LCT alone or conventional propofol-lidocaine mixtures. Seventy-five patients were randomized into three groups. ⋯ The incidence of pain was 24% in groups A and B and 4% in group C. The number needed to treat to prevent pain was 5. We conclude that propofol-MCT/LCT-lidocaine mixtures significantly reduce pain.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDevelopment and validation of the Dartmouth Operative Conditions Scale.
Studies of pediatric sedation practice have suffered from the lack of an objective scale that would allow for a comparison of the effectiveness and safety of sedation provided by various providers and techniques. We present the Dartmouth Operative Conditions Scale (DOCS), which is designed as a research tool to codify the appropriateness of the procedural conditions provided by various sedation interventions. To begin, human factors methodology was used to develop a model of the pediatric sedation process and to define the criteria for measuring a patient's condition during a procedure (DOCS). ⋯ Criterion validity was supported by the close correlation between the DOCS and the modified COMFORT scores for 20 distinct video clips (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.98; P <0.001). The distribution of DOCS scores 20 min after the anesthetic induction was significantly lower than the scores before initiation of sedation, and scores after emergence were consistently higher than those 20 min after sedation (P <0.001), thus confirming construct validity of the scale. The DOCS is a validated research tool when used with video data for comparing the effectiveness and safety of pediatric sedation service, regardless of technique used for decreasing anxiety or pain during a procedure.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2005
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialDose-response of remifentanil for tracheal intubation in infants.
To compare the dose-response of remifentanil for tracheal intubation in infants and children, 32 healthy full-term infants and 32 children were anesthetized with 10 mug/kg glycopyrrolate and 4.0 mg/kg propofol and administered 1 of 4 doses of remifentanil (1.25, 1.50, 1.75, or 2.00 microg/kg) to facilitate tracheal intubation. We determined the effective doses of remifentanil in 50% (ED50) and 98% (ED98) of patients by using logistic regression analysis. We found that logistic regression curves were similar for infants and children (P = 0.38). ⋯ Bradycardia, hypotension, and chest wall rigidity did not occur. We conclude that the dose-response of remifentanil for tracheal intubation is similar in infants and children. Propofol/remifentanil provides clinically acceptable intubating conditions, stable hemodynamics, and a duration of apnea comparable to that with propofol/succinylcholine in infants.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2005
The quality of randomized controlled trials in major anesthesiology journals.
Increased attention has been directed at the quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and how they are being reported. We examined leading anesthesiology journals to identify if there were specific areas for improvement in the design and analysis of published clinical studies. All RCTs that appeared between January 2000 and December 2000 in leading anesthesiology journals (Anesthesiology,Anesthesia & Analgesia,Anaesthesia, and Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia) were retrieved by a MEDLINE search. ⋯ Important pretreatment clinical predictors were absent in 32% of all studies. Significant improvement in the reporting and conduct of RCTs is required and should focus on randomization methodology, the blinding of investigators, and sample size estimates. Repeat assessments of the literature may improve the adoption of guidelines for the improvement of the quality of randomized controlled trials.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Jun 2005
Comparative StudyThe differential effects of the nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6, 2N) and isoflurane on extrasynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors.
The nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (F6; also known as 2N) causes amnesia and seizures at concentrations less than and more than, respectively, than that predicted to cause immobility (MACpred). The molecular and cellular basis of these effects is not known. We reported previously that F6 has no effect on synaptic gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptors located on the somata of hippocampal pyramidal cells. ⋯ We found that extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the majority of neurons located in the pyramidal cell layer are insensitive to F6 at concentrations up to 110 microM, although receptors harvested from one putative interneuron were potently inhibited by 43 microM of F6. By contrast, isoflurane consistently reduced the peak amplitude and slowed deactivation of currents mediated by extrasynaptic receptors, similar to its effect on synaptic receptors. These results demonstrate the selective sensitivity of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors on pyramidal neurons to isoflurane but not F6.